Scavenging ratios and deposition of sulphur,nitrogen and chlorine species in eastern England |
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| Affiliation: | 1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;2. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland;1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;2. MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Instrumental Analysis & Research Center/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China;4. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China;1. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll. France, CEREGE, Plateau de l’Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix en Provence, France;2. ASTER-Team, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll. France, CEREGE, Plateau de l’Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix en Provence, France;3. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea;2. Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea;1. Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Oswego, NY 13126, United States;3. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada;4. Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13126, United States;5. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Panama City, FL 32405, United States |
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| Abstract: | Measurements of wet deposited NH4+, SO42−, NO3− and Cl−, as well as airborne concentrations of these species and gaseous HNO3, HCl and NH3, have been made at a site in eastern England. Scavenging ratios based solely upon aerosol-associated species and upon aerosol plus gaseous airborne species are presented and compared with literature values. It appears that HCl and HNO3 have only a rather minor influence upon wet deposition at our site. Gaseous NH3 influences ground-level air chemistry appreciably, but scavenging ratios for NH4+ are low, even when based upon aerosol NH4+ concentrations alone, presumably due to altitudinal gradients in this species. The problems inherent in interpretation of scavenging ratios are discussed. Deposition of nitrogen in various chemical forms is estimated from rainwater and air composition. If a transport-limited deposition velocity is assumed for ammonia gas, dry deposition of this species accounts for around 40% of total nitrogen deposition to the ground. |
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