Chlorinated organic compounds in the troposphere over the western North Atlantic Ocean measured by aircraft |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;2. Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;3. Consulting R&D Department, Shanghai Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, 200233 Shanghai, China;4. College of Mines, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, and School of Environmental Studies, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze River Basin, and Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Systematic Water Pollution Control, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China;2. Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China;3. Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Ninth Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tacheng, Xinjiang, 834601, China;4. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;5. Geological Exploration Institute of Shandong Zhengyuan, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Tai''an, 271000, China;6. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China;7. Geological Exploration Institute of Shandong Zhengyuan, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Weifang, 261021, China;8. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom;9. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;10. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;1. Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-inspirée et Innovations Ecologiques (ChimEco), UMR 5021, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Université de Montpellier, 34790, Grabels, France;2. Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, ENSCM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France;3. Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France;1. Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;4. Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, 54700 Lahore, Pakistan;5. Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China;1. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán, 4000, Argentina;2. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, Tucumán, 4000, Argentina;3. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Belgrano 300, Catamarca, 4700, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Results of 32 individual flights during 1985, 1986 and 1988 using a King Air research aircraft over the western North Atlantic Ocean and the Adirondack Mountains are presented. Measurements were made for selected trace organic compounds including α- and γ-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), the summed isomers of α- and γ-chlordane, dieldrin and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The concentrations of compounds at altitudes of 300–10,000 ft indicate that these compounds were well mixed in the atmosphere and that for the most part, ground-level and higher-altitude concentrations were similar in magnitude. There was a high degree of variability due to time, meteorological events and location. Concentrations over the Adirondack Mountains in 1985 were the highest measured with means of 0.198 ng m−3 for HCB, 0.388 ng m−3 for α-HCH, 0.509 ng m−3 for γ-HCH, 0.340 ng m−3 for dieldrin, 0.480 ng m−3 for chlordane and 0.951 ng m−3 for total PCBs. Concentrations over the western North Atlantic south-east of Bermuda in summer 1988 wer lower, with means of 0.093 ng m−3 for HCB, 0.142 ng m−3 for α-HCH, 0.012 ng m−3 for γ-HCH, 0.016 ng m−3 for dieldrin 0.020 ng m−3 for chlordane and 0.600 ng m−3 for PCBs. During 1988 concentrations of most of the compounds were similar in the atmosphere of the coastal zone, 50–100 km off the U.S., to those measured near Bermuda. Chlordane, and to a lesser extent dieldrin, showed a decrease in concentration away from North America. |
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