Effects of volatile organic compounds on clay landfill liner performance |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, U.S.A.;2. Sirrine Environmental Consultants, Greenville, SC, U.S.A.;3. Harza Environmental Services, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China;2. UMacau Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China;3. Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China;1. Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Oceanic Civil Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Underground Space Exploitation Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;3. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;4. Guangxi Communications Investment Group Corporation Ltd., Nanning 530021, China;5. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guizhou Mingzu University, Guiyang 550025, China;1. School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China;2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;3. Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Engineering Character and Engineering Environment of Tianjin, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China;1. School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Engineering Characteristics and Engineering Environment, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China;2. School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;1. Electrokinetic Limited, Drummond Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK;2. Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK |
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| Abstract: | Clay borrow materials intended for use in a clay liner system were found to be contaminated by low concentrations of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The suspected source of contaminants was a nearby Superfund site where similar compounds were found in soil and groundwater. Based on these observations, questions were raised regarding the potential effects of VOCs on the performance of the clay materials as a landfill liner.Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three levels of soil precontamination and two types of permeants. Atterberg tests showed that the precontaminations (acetone and m-xylene) and the simulated leachate (methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and toluene), at the concentrations used, did not impact clay-pore fluid interaction. Sedimentation tests showed that the impact of methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and toluene on sediment volume and rate of settlement was not detectable up to the maximum concentration level of 100 ppm for each chemical.From the permeation tests, acetone in the precontaminated samples was generally flushed out within three pore volumes but m-xylene was not detected (above the detection limit of 0.01 mg 1−1) in the permeant effluent. The stabilized permeabilities of the specimens ranged from 0.2 × 10−7 to 3.0 × 10−7 cms−1. It was found that precontamination of the clay at the levels studied did not affect organic chemical leachate transport/adsorption discernibly when compared with clean clay, and no measurable retardation or adsorption of VOCs in clay liners occurred in either clean clay or precontaminated clay. |
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