中日水资源管理的法律比较研究

为了建立新的水资源管理的法律体制，加强法制建设，就水资源保护及开发利用方面的制度、水污染的控制等进行分析，认为用一个系统的、有强制力的规划来指导，控制和协调各地方、各部门的利益关系是水资源管理的基础和关键。介绍了日本的集中协调与分部门行政的水资源管理体制并以流域水资源管理体制为主的流域管理体制，对这种管理体制下的以流域为基础的日本水管理法规的基本原则、组织结构及立法现状进行了分析，对中日两国的水资源管理及立法的基本异同点进行了对比研究，在比较研究的基础上对我国水资源管理体制立法的结构层次进行了思考，并提出了一些建议，以期对促进中国的水资源管理提供可资借鉴的经验，如：（1）协调原则；（2）环境政策的一体化，建立环境与发展的综合决策机制；（3）制订可行的法律规范；（4）加强学术研究和交流；（5）注重科学的规划等。

LEGAL SYSTEM OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN JAPAN AND CHINA

In order to build a new water resource management legal system and to strengthen law construction, in this paper the system related protection and the development of the water resources, and the control of the water pollution etc. are discussed. The result shows that the systematic and powerful planning to direct, control and harmonize the development around areas and departments is a foundation of practice and a key issue in the water resources management. The paper introduces the river basin managerial system in Japan, and analyses its general principles, institutional structure and its present situation. It then makes a comparison between the water resources management and legislation in China and in Japan, and studies the similarities as well as discrepancies between the two to provide valuable experience for China's water resources management. Analyses of some legal problems are also carried out in this field when compared with the situation of the legal framework for water resources management in Japan,in order to complete water resources management legal systems in China.