Embedding the human factor in road tunnel risk analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Natural and Built Environments, Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia;2. Systems Reliability and Industrial Safety Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiology Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Dimokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece;3. National Technical University of Athens, School of Mechanical Engineering, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou campus 15780, Greece;1. Centre for Risk, Integrity and Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, A1B 3X5, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada;2. Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, A1B 3X5, St. John''s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada;3. Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia;1. Human Factor Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China;2. Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, PR China;3. School of Info-physics and Geomatics Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China;4. School of Business Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China;1. School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), NO-116024 Dalian, China;2. Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway |
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| Abstract: | The paper is focusing on road tunnel safety and builds upon the Directive 2004/54/EC launched by the European Commission; the latter sets basic requirements and suggests the implementation of risk assessment in several tunnel cases apart from technical measures imposed on the basis of tunnel structural and operational characteristics. Since the EU Directive does not indicate the method for performing risk assessment, a wide range of methods have been proposed, most of them based on quantitative risk assessment (QRA). Although the majority of current road tunnel QRAs assess physical aspects of the tunnel system and consider several hazards concerning the transportation of dangerous goods through a tunnel, they do not take into account, sufficiently, several organizational and human-related factors that can greatly affect the overall safety level of these critical infrastructures. To cope with this limitation this paper proposes a fuzzy logic system based on CREAM method for human reliability analysis (Hollnagel, 1998) in order to provide more sophisticated estimations of the tunnel operator's performance in safety critical situations. It is deduced that a human reliability analysis component to analyze operator performance, like the fuzzy system proposed here, is important for risk analysts. Consideration of organizational and human factors will enhance risk analysts’ studies and highlight the uncertainty related to human performance variability. |
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| Keywords: | Road tunnels Directive 2004/54/EC Fuzzy systems CREAM Risk analysis Uncertainty representations HRA |
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