不同材质水窖沉积物中真菌群落差异及其与环境因子的相关性

集雨窖水沉积物中蕴含丰富多样的真菌群落，这些真菌作为连接窖水生态系统与沉积物之间物质交换的桥梁和纽带，在窖水生态系统中发挥着重要作用；真菌群落结构特征的变化也通常与环境因子的变化有着紧密的联系.运用16S rRNA基因-Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，对两种不同集流面环境下的水窖沉积物中真菌群落多样性及差异进行研究.结果表明，混凝土集流环境下的水窖沉积物较黄土地集流环境下的水窖沉积物具有更高的真菌群落多样性与丰富度，两种集流环境下的真菌群落优势菌门相同，分别为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和接合菌门（Zygomycota），它们构成了菌门丰度的90%以上，但前者具有更好的均一性和稳定性.基于LEfSe分析得到的标志物种显示，在黄土地集流环境中对差异性贡献最大的菌群是Basidiobolales，贡献最小的是Mycosphaerella；在混凝土集流环境中对差异性贡献最大的菌群是Saccharomycetales，贡献最小的是Periconia.微生物群落-环境因子共现性网络显示真菌和真菌之间，真菌和环境因子之间均为正向关系大于负向关系.研究结果加深了对水窖沉积物中真菌群落多样性的认识，可为保障集雨窖水人畜饮用安全和改善窖水水质提供了借鉴.

Differences in Fungal Communities in Different Material Cellar Sediments and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors

There are rich and diverse fungal communities in rainfall-cellar sediments. Fungi play a key role in the rainfall-cellar ecosystem as a bridge and link for material exchange between the rainfall-cellar ecosystem and the sediments. The changes in fungal community structure are usually closely related to the changes in environmental factors. The 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the diversity and difference of fungal communities in the cellar sediments under two different catchment environments. The results revealed that the cellar sediments under the concrete catchment environment had higher diversity and richness of fungal communities than those under the loess land catchment environment. The dominant bacteria of the fungal communities under the two catchment environments were the same, namely Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota, which constituted more than 90% of the abundance of the bacteria; however, the former had better homogeneity and stability. The indicator species based on LEfSe analysis demonstrated that Basidiobolales had the largest contribution to the diversity in the catchment environment of the loess land, and Mycosphaerella had the smallest contribution; Saccharomycetales contributed the most to the diversity in the concrete concentration environment, whereas Periconia contributed the least. The results of the co-occurrence network of the microbial community and environmental factors demonstrated that the positive relationship between fungi and environmental factors was stronger than the negative relationship. The research results have enhanced the understanding of the diversity of fungal communities in the cellar sediments and provided a reference for ensuring the drinking safety of rainwater harvesting cellar water for humans and livestock and improving the quality of cellar water.