基于水环境信息规范变换的水质普适指数公式

为了建立科学合理、和谐统一、简洁实用的包括地表水、地下水和湖泊富营养化水体的水环境质量的普适指数公式,借鉴物理学中普遍存在的规范不变性(对称性)原理,适当设定水环境各指标的"参照值"和相对于参照值的指标值规范变换式,使不同指标的同级标准值经规范变换后的"标准规范值"彼此差异很小,从而可以认为用规范值或对数变换值表示的不同指标都与某个指标"等效".因此,基于规范变换的不同指标的某种形式水质指数公式都可以用该"等效指标"的相应水质指数公式等效替代.在满足一定的优化目标准则条件下,采用免疫进化粒子群混洗蛙跳算法对公式中的普适参数进行迭代优化,分别得出优化后对地表水、地下水和湖泊富营养化水体的72项指标皆适用的对数型幂函数、韦伯-费希纳定律、Г型分布函数、污染危害S型函数、参数化组合算子和加和型幂函数等6个水环境质量的普适指数公式.最后对公式的可靠性进行了理论分析,并通过若干实例对公式的实用性进行了效果检验.结果表明:水环境质量的多种形式的普适指数公式皆具有形式简洁、和谐统一、计算简便和普适通用的特点.

Universal index formulae of water quality based on normalized transformation of water environment information

In order to establish the universal index formulae which embodied a scientific,reasonable,simple and practical water quality evaluation on surface water,groundwater and lake eutrophic water body,the present work referenced the normalized symmetry principle commonly existing in physics.With properly set reference values and transformed forms for each index value,the difference in the same grade standard values with different indexes could be lowered after the normal transformation.The normalized or transformed values of different indexes were equivalent to a certain normalized index,and the various water quality index formulae from the normalized transformation could replace the corresponding water quality index formulae of equivalent indices.Meanwhile,the optimization of the universal parameters in formulae were iterated by the shuffled frog leaping algorithm and immune evolutionary particle swarm optimization on the basis of meeting the optimization rule of objective function.The 6 optimized universal index formulae,such as logarithmic power function,Weber-Fechner law,Г distribution function,pollution harm index,parameterized combination operator and power function of weighted sum,are suitable to 72 item indices for water quality evaluation of surface water,groundwater and eutrophic water body.Furthermore,the reliability analyses of formulae were carried out theoretically and practically.The results showed that the various universal index formulae for water quality evaluation exhibited the characteristics of simplicity in form,convenience during calculation,and universality as well as commonness in application.