高校突发事件中密集学生群恐慌特征及风险研究

随着我国高等教育政策的调整,各个高校招收学生的数量明显增加.由于学校的教学设施和生活设施的改善速度不能满足目前学生增长的速度,在各个高等学校的教学大楼、实验大楼、公寓大楼和其他学习生活密集区域内都构成了密集学生群.如遇突发事件(爆炸、火灾、恐怖)需要紧急疏散时,学生极易互相拥挤,互相践踏跌倒,发生重大伤亡事故.本文对密集学生群、当代大学生心理特征状态(紧张、焦虑、忧郁、沮丧、愤怒、敌意、有力、好动、疲劳、惰性、困惑、迷茫、不安、恐慌等)以及行为特征状态(吸引、参与、倾向、凑兴、印象、效应、压力、逆反、好奇、兴趣、刺激、恐慌等)进行了分析,并对某高等学校教学大楼中密集学生群、密集时间、密集区域及恐慌特征进行了实际统计研究.在分析密集学生群风险的基础上,建立密集学生群风险模型,对某高校教学大楼密集学生群的风险进行了实例计算,提出了合理可行的对策措施,同时为各个高校制定突发事件(爆炸、火灾、恐怖)应急救援预案提供了科学依据.

Study on panic characteristics and hap-hazards for densely gathered undergraduates in accidents

The present paper is aimed to introduce the authors' research on the hazard for dense undergraduates based on the psychology characteristics of the college students in an accident and countermeasures against such accidents.As is known,with the regulation of the educational policy in China,all the universities and colleges have been increasing their enrolment.Since the improvement of the educational and living infrastructure cannot so far meet the rising demands of the students and their teachers,too many undergraduates have to be crowded into the teaching buildings,laboratorial buildings,boarding houses and other learning and living areas in every college.The accidents and disasters are likely to take place because the students may huddle,tumble,and even tread on each other when they try to evacuate and escape from the accident(explosion,fire or terror).To find a better approach in such a case,the paper has made an analysis on up-to-date PSCU(Psychology-state Characteristic of the Undergraduates) as Tension,Anxiety,Melancholy,Depression,Indignation,Enmity,Trenchancy,Bellicosity,Fatigue,Sloth,Perplexity,Puzzlement,Uneasiness and Panic and BSCU(Behavior-state characteristic of the Undergraduates) Attraction,Participation, Inclination,Joining in the fun,Impression,Effect,Pressure,Anti-obedience,Curiosity,Interest,Stimulation and Panic,along with a statistic study made on the spot about the dense crowds of undergraduates,dense time,dense area and panic characteristics in the case of a teaching building of a college in an accident.The hazard model for dense undergraduates has been established on the basis of analyzing the dense undergraduates,then the model was applied to calculate it in teaching building of a college,and then the reasonable and feasible countermeasures were put forward consequently,which can provide a basis for various colleges to prepare for the unexpected mishap(explosion,fire,terror) emergency rescue pre-measures and countermeasures.