Organophosphates in aircraft cabin and cockpit air--method development and measurements of contaminants |
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Authors: | Solbu Kasper Daae Hanne Line Olsen Raymond Thorud Syvert Ellingsen Dag Gunnar Lindgren Torsten Bakke Berit Lundanes Elsa Molander Paal |
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Affiliation: | National Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. kasper.solbu@stami.no |
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Abstract: | Methods for measurements and the potential for occupational exposure to organophosphates (OPs) originating from turbine and hydraulic oils among flying personnel in the aviation industry are described. Different sampling methods were applied, including active within-day methods for OPs and VOCs, newly developed passive long-term sample methods (deposition of OPs to wipe surface areas and to activated charcoal cloths), and measurements of OPs in high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) recirculation filters (n = 6). In total, 95 and 72 within-day OP and VOC samples, respectively, have been collected during 47 flights in six different models of turbine jet engine, propeller and helicopter aircrafts (n = 40). In general, the OP air levels from the within-day samples were low. The most relevant OP in this regard originating from turbine and engine oils, tricresyl phosphate (TCP), was detected in only 4% of the samples (min-max
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