设计阶段高含硫天然气管道泄漏、爆炸危险的本质安全化分析与改进

通过对两种主要的事故形式——高含硫天然气泄漏导致的硫化氢中毒和气体爆炸事故的研究,利用HYSYS软件模拟管网运行条件下的各种临界参数条件,估计最大潜在物质量和最坏的后果。通过实例,利用Pasquill-Gifford模型计算最大可能的H2S浓度、利用等效TNT方法估计最坏的爆炸后果,进而得到死亡和破坏概率曲线,提出设计阶段基于本质安全的改进结论。结果表明:可早在高含硫天然气管道过程设计阶段就提出改进建议,使人员、财产和设备得到保护;中毒风险应通过快速关断阀门设置和划分应急区消减,通过管道和设备优化布局则可有效降低气体爆炸风险。

Inherent Safety Analysis and Improvement about the Leakage and Explosion Risks of High-sulfur Natural Gas Pipeline during Design Stage

Two main types of risks-hydrogen sulfide toxicity and gas explosion caused by the leakage of high-sulfur natural gas were studied through HYSYS simulative software. The critical parameters of the high-sulfur natural gas pipeline process,the most potential amount and the worst consequences were estimated. The maximum concentration of H2S and the worse effect caused by explosion were calculated through respectively using Pasquill-Gifford model and TNT equivalence method. Thus,the probability curves based on death and destruction were obtained. It is concluded that improved measures based on inherent safety should be taken during the design stage of high-sulfur natural gas pipeline; the risk of toxicosis could be decreased by means of setting quick closing valves and emergency zones,the risk of gas explosion could be reduced by optimizing the layout of installations and pipeline.