厦门城市化进程中的居民食物碳消费及其环境负荷

随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市对全球生态系统碳循环的影响越来越显著,其中城市家庭食物碳消费对全球城市生态系统碳循环的贡献日益突出,已成为城市生态系统碳循环的研究热点之一.以厦门市为例,通过分析1988～2010年居民食物碳消费的动态变化和家庭分布特征,评价并预测了由食物碳消费导致的环境负荷.结果表明,1988～2010年全市人均食物消费量和人均食物碳消费量分别下降了6%和25%,但由于厦门市人口的快速增长,食物消费和食物碳消费的总量均不断增加,分别增长了116%和70%.居民食物碳消费总量的增加导致环境负荷量不断上升,由9.88万t增长至16.62万t,特别是进入土壤的碳通量近年来快速增加.预测显示2011～2024年间厦门市居民食物碳消费总量以及环境负荷量仍将继续上升,2025年将有所下降,人均食物碳消费量则从2011年起持续下降.对厦门市居民家庭食物消费的分析表明,家庭户均食物碳消费主要受到家庭收入、食物消费费用、家庭用餐人数的影响,食物碳消费较高的家庭通常平均家庭用餐人数3人、平均食物消费费用约3 125元.月-1,户均食物碳消费为1 134.91 kg,人均食物碳消费量为378.30 kg,高食物碳消费的家庭人均食物碳消费量是低食物碳消费家庭人均消费量的4.84倍.

Dynamics and Environmental Load of Food Carbon Consumption During Urbanization: A Case Study of Xiamen City, China

With the rapid urbanization, city plays a more and more significant role in the carbon cycle of urban ecosystem. The contribution of household food carbon consumption to urban carbon cycle has become increasingly important, and has been the hot issues of the urban carbon cycle study. We analyzed the dynamics of the food carbon consumption in Xiamen City from 1988 to 2010, evaluated and forecasted the trends of food carbon consumption and its environmental load. The results showed that, from 1988 to 2010, per capita food consumption and per capita food carbon consumption declined by 6% and 25%, respectively. However, due to the rapid growth of population, the total food consumption and total food carbon consumption increased by 116% and 70%, respectively. The rising of total food carbon consumption led to the increasing environmental load of food carbon. The environmental load of food carbon increased from 98800 t to 166200 t, particularly there is a dramatic increase of carbon input into soil in recent years. From 2011 to 2024, total food carbon consumption and environmental load will continue to rise and then decline in 2025. Per capita food carbon consumption will decline continuously from 2011. The analysis of household food consumption showed that per household food carbon consumption was affected by household income, food cost and household persons. High food carbon consumption household usually had in average three persons eating at home, spent in average 3125 yuan·month^-1 on food, the per household food carbon consumption was 1134.91 kg,and the per capita food carbon consumption was 378.30 kg. Per capita food carbon consumption of high-consumption family was 4.84 times higher than that of low-consumption family.