施用堆腐有机肥对水稻土中六氯苯脱氯降解影响

采用水稻盆栽实验,供试土壤为红壤性水稻土和乌栅土,分别设定对照及添加1%和2%堆腐有机肥的处理,研究施用该有机肥对六氯苯(HCB)在种水稻土壤中还原脱氯降解的影响,并分析甲烷生成与HCB脱氯降解的关系.结果表明,18周之后,红壤性水稻土中HCB可提取态残留减少了28.6%～30.1%,乌栅土中HCB可提取态残留减少了47.3%～61.0%;水稻植株吸收的HCB及其降解产物量仅为土壤中HCB初始量的千分之几;HCB发生脱氯降解主要生成五氯苯(PeCB);由于乌栅土的pH和可溶性有机碳含量均高于红壤性水稻土,HCB在乌栅土中的脱氯降解效率较高;在红壤性水稻土中和乌栅土中,施用1%和2%堆腐有机肥分别在第6和第10周后显著抑制PeCB生成,且PeCB生成速率在有机肥的2个添加水平之间均无显著差异;产甲烷菌在脱氯降解中的作用因环境条件而异.

Effect of Composting Organic Fertilizer Supplies on Hexachlorobenzene Dechlorination in Paddy Soils

A rice pot experiment was conducted in two soils, Hydragric Acrisols (Ac) and Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols (An). Three treatments including control and additions of 1% or 2% composting organic fertilizer were designed for each soil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the reductive dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as affected by organic fertilizer supplies in planted paddy soils, and to analyze the relationship between methane production and HCB dechlorination. The results showed that the HCB residues were decreased by 28.6%-30.1% of the initial amounts in Ac, and 47.3%-61.0% in An after 18 weeks of experiment. The amount of HCB and its metabolite uptake by rice plants was only a few thousandths of the initial HCB amount in soils. The main product of HCB dechlorination was pentachlorobenzene (PeCB). The rates of HCB dechlorination in An were higher than those in Ac, which was mainly attributed to the higher pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of An. The applications of both 1% and 2% composting organic fertilizer showed significant inhibition on PeCB production after the 6th and 10th week in Ac and An, respectively. In both tested soils, no significant difference of PeCB production rates was observed between the applications of 1% and 2% composting organic fertilizer. The role of methanogenic bacteria in HCB dechlorination was condition-dependent.