The Modelling of Turbulence from Traffic in Urban Dispersion Models — Part I: Theoretical Considerations |
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| Authors: | Di Sabatino S Kastner-Klein P Berkowicz R Britter RE Fedorovich E |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, U.K;(2) Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants Ltd, Cambridge, U.K;(3) Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy;(4) School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, U.S.A;(5) Institute for Climate Research ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland;(6) Department of Atmospheric Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Roskilde, Denmark;(7) Institute for Hydromechanics, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The modelling of pollutant dispersion at the street scale in an urban environment requires the knowledge of turbulence generated by the traffic motion in streets. In this paper, a theoretical framework to estimate mechanical turbulence induced by traffic in street canyons at low wind speed conditions is established. The standard deviation of the velocity fluctuations is adopted as a measure of traffic-produced turbulence (TPT). Based on the balance between turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation, three different parameterisations for TPT suitable for different traffic flow conditions are derived and discussed. These formulae rely on the calculations of constants that need to be estimated on the basis of experimental data. One such estimate has been made with the help of a wind tunnel data set corresponding to intermediate traffic densities, which is the most common regime, with interacting vehicle wakes. |
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| Keywords: | dispersion modelling low wind conditions pollutant dispersion street canyon traffic-produced turbulence urban areas |
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