巢湖湖滨带植被特征及其退化原因分析研究

于2009年和2010年对巢湖湖滨带植被进行了详细踏查,结果表明:(1)植被群落结构单一,多样性较差,大都集中分布于浅水、河口、滩地,受水质和水位影响显著;(2)挺水植物有5科6属6种,以芦苇(Phrag-mites australis)为优势种;(3)浮叶植物3科3属3种;以野菱(Trapa incisa)和荇菜(Nymphoides peltatum)为优势种;(4)漂浮植物2科2属2种;主要是凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)和浮萍(Lemna minor);(5)沉水植物4科5属8种;以马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)为优势种;(6)湿生和陆生植物27科76属101种;以禾本科为主,菊科、蓼科植物次之。调查结果与历史资料(1954年-2007年)对比,得出巢湖流域土地利用格局、江湖建闸等水利工程、围湖造田与堤坝建设等人为活动以及富营养化与蓝藻水华等综合因素严重破坏了巢湖湖滨带健康的生态系统,加剧了湖滨带植被的衰退。本研究可为巢湖湖滨带植被的恢复提供理论指导。

Vegetation Features and Degradation Causes in Chaohu Lakeshore Zone

Vegetation features were investigated in 2009 and 2010. The results were as follows： （1）the structure of vegetation community is very simple which caused lack of biodiversity, and the distribution of aquatic plants are almost in shallow water, out- falls and bottomlands because they are affected markedly by water quality and water level ; （2） six species of emergent macrophytes were found, which belonged to 6 genera in 5 families. Gramineous plant of phragmites australis was the dominant species ; （3） re- suits found that 3 species of floating - leaved plants belonged to 3 genera in 3 families, trapa incise and nymphoides pehatum were dominant species ; （4） two species of floating plants belonged to 2 genera in 2 families were found, which were eichhornia crassipes and lemna minor; （5） 8 species of submerged macrophytes belonged to 5 genera in 4 families were identified, potamogetonaceae of potamogeton malaianus dominated in Chaohu Lake; （6）101 species of wetland and terrestrial plants were found which belonged to 76 genera in 27 families. After comparison of above data and historical vegetation documents, it can be concluded that land use pattern, hydraulic engineering and anthropogenic activities as well as eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms are the major cau- ses of vegetation degradation in Chaohu lakeshore zone.