典型氯酚类化合物对水生生物的毒性研究进展

氯酚类化合物(CPs)是一类广泛存在于水环境中的有机污染物。这类化合物具有环境稳定性、生物累积性和生物毒性，因而其在水环境中的生态毒理效应一直是人们关注的焦点。在水体中存在最普遍的酚类化合物主要有2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)，2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)和五氯酚(PCP)。本文对近几年来这3种典型氯酚类化合物的水生态毒理学研究进行了总结，主要包括它们对水生生物的急性毒性、氧化损伤、发育毒性、内分泌干扰、遗传毒性、致癌性、免疫毒性、细胞毒性以及复合毒性的效应和机制，同时对目前存在的问题和进一步的研究方向进行了讨论和展望。

Toxicological Effects of Typical Chlorophenol Chemicals on Aquatic Organisms

Chlorophenol chemicals (CPs) are widespread environmental contaminants. They are persistent and bioaccumulative, and can affect wildlife and human health. Among CPs, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were extensively used and could be detected in most waters. Here we reviewed the environmental behavior of the three typical CPs and their toxicity to aquatic organisms, including acute toxicity, developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, endocrine-disruption, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, cytotoxicity and joint-effect toxicity. Furthermore, molecular techniques, such as toxicomics were used for elucidating the mechanisms of action of CPs, with which some sensitive and effective biomarkers had been found. We also discussed research gaps and perspectives that warrant further investigations.