嘉陵江中下游不同河道断面沉积物真菌群落结构与功能

为探究不同干扰对嘉陵江河道沉积物真菌群落的影响,以期为河流生态系统保护提供科学依据. 以嘉陵江干流河道沉积物真菌为研究对象,利用高通量测序和生物信息学技术分析不同类型人为扰动（工程干扰、支流干扰、采砂干扰和垦殖干扰）及无干扰断面河道沉积物真菌群落的组成和功能差异. 结果表明：①垦殖和工程干扰显著抑制了真菌群落物种多样性和丰富度（P<0.05）,支流干扰增加了真菌群落物种丰富度,采砂干扰对沉积物真菌群落的影响不显著. ②低外源物质输入（无干扰和采砂干扰）断面的不同采样点位之间的沉积物真菌多样性和群落结构趋近,高外源物质输入（支流干扰、工程干扰和垦殖干扰）断面的不同采样点位之间的沉积物真菌群落多样性差异显著. ③子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、罗兹菌门（Rozellomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为嘉陵江沉积物的主要优势真菌门,罗兹菌门的相对丰度在采砂干扰断面最高,担子菌门在支流干扰断面的相对丰度最高. ④工程干扰断面的腐生菌、动物病原菌、植物病原菌和粪腐菌的相对丰度显著增加,其它无干扰断面沉积物中真菌寄生菌-植物病原菌-植物腐生菌的相对丰度最高. 综上所述,人为干扰造成了嘉陵江沉积物真菌多样性、群落结构和功能的变化,外源物质输入是造成这一现象的关键因素,该结果可为预测和评价河流生境质量提供参考依据.

Structure and Function of Fungal Community in Channel Sediments of Different Sections of Jialing River

This study aimed to explore the effects of different disturbances on the fungal communities in the sediments of the Jialing River in order to provide scientific basis for the protection of the river ecosystem. The fungal community in the sediments of the main stream of the Jialing River was taken as the research object, and high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the differences in the composition and function of fungal communities in river sediment of different types of disturbance （project disturbance, tributary disturbance, sand mining disturbance, and reclamation disturbance） and non-disturbance sections. The results showed that： ① The reclamation and project disturbances significantly inhibited the diversity and richness of fungal communities （P<0.05）. The tributary disturbance increased the richness of fungal communities, whereas the impact of sand mining disturbance on sediment fungal communities was not significant. ② The diversity and composition of fungal communities tended to be similar at the different sampling sites in the section with low input of exogenous substances （non-disturbance and sand mining disturbance）, whereas there were obvious differences in the diversity of fungal communities at the different sampling sites of high input of external substances （tributary disturbance, project disturbance, and reclamation disturbance） sections. ③ Ascomycota, Rozellomycota, and Basidiomycota were the main dominant fungal phyla in the sediments of the Jialing River. The relative abundance of Rozellomycota was the highest in the sand mining interference section, and the relative abundance of Basidiomycota was the highest in the tributary interference section. Project disturbance significantly increased the relative abundance of saprotrophs, animal pathogens, plant pathogens, and dung saprotrophs, whereas other disturbances inhibited the relative abundance of fungal parasitic fungi, plant pathogens, and plant saprophytes. In conclusion, human disturbance has caused changes in fungal diversity, community structure, and function in the sediment of the Jialing River, and xenobiotic input was a key factor contributing to this phenomenon. The results can provide a reference for predicting and evaluating the ecological quality of river sediments.