规模化养殖园区土壤中抗生素污染特征和生态风险评价

采集规模化养殖园区不同土地利用类型的土壤,采用高效液相色谱仪检测土壤中抗生素的含量,分析抗生素与土壤理化性质之间的关系,并利用风险商值法对养殖场园区土壤中的抗生素进行生态风险评价. 结果表明,养殖场周边土壤受到不同程度的抗生素污染,其中检出率和含量平均值最高的是四环素（TC）；不同土地利用类型的土壤中,ω平均值大小排序为：玉米地（1.48 μg·kg^-1）>养殖场围栏外0.5 m处（1.27 μg·kg^-1）>山药地（1.03 μg·kg^-1）>牧草地（0.69 μg·kg^-1）>林地（0.18 μg·kg^-1）；冗余分析结果显示,全氮、全磷和纤维素酶对土壤样品中抗生素的含量影响较大. 根据生态风险评价结果可知,土霉素（OTC）、金霉素（CTC）、强力霉素（DOC）、环丙沙星（CIP）和四环素（TC）属于低风险等级,磺胺嘧啶（SD）和磺胺二甲嘧啶（SM2）为中高风险,应当重视对养殖场周边土壤抗生素污染管控,加强兽用抗生素的管理.

Antibiotic Contamination Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment in Soils of Large-scaled Culturing Farms

The soils of different land use types in large-scaled culturing farms were collected for detecting the contents of antibiotics in these soils by applying high-performance liquid chromatography, analyzing the relationship between antibiotics and physicochemical properties of soils, as well as performing the ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in the soils of culturing farms by using the risk quotient method. The results showed that the surrounding soils of the culturing farm were contaminated by antibiotics to varying degrees, in which tetracycline had the highest detection rate and average content. Among the soils of different land use types, the average contents of antibiotics were ranked as corn field （1.48 μg·kg^-1）>0.5 meters outside the farm fence （1.27 μg·kg^-1）>yam field （1.03 μg·kg^-1）>pasture （0.69 μg·kg^-1）>woodland （0.18 μg·kg^-1）. According to the redundancy analysis results, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and cellulase had a great impact on the antibiotic content in soil samples. It can be concluded from the ecological risk assessment that oxytetracycline （OTC）, chlortetracycline （CTC）, doxycycline （DOC）, ciprofloxacin （CIP）, and tetracycline （TC） were categorized in the low risk level. Sulfadiazine （SM） and sulfadimidine （SM2） were categorized in the medium and high risk levels. It is of the upmost importance to control the antibiotic contamination in surrounding soils of culturing farms and to strengthen the management of veterinary antibiotics.