重金属污染下龟壳攀鲈组织中ACP和AKP的活力比较

龟壳攀鲈是一种在极端污染水域中具备生存优势的鱼类,收集重污染区和轻污染区的龟壳攀鲈,并通过比较其体内各组织中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性来揭示其耐污能力。贵屿作为重污染区有4个采样点:大陇村、市上村、联堤村和北林村;潮州作为轻污染区有2个采样点:卧石村和洗马桥。水质结果表明,贵屿采样地水中的Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg含量分别是潮州采样点的27.6倍、3.9倍、5.8倍、3.9倍和3.5倍,说明贵屿采样地的污染远高于潮州的。酶活结果表明,在龟壳攀鲈所有组织中,内脏组织(胃肠、性腺、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏)中的ACP和AKP活力均高于外周组织(肌肉、鳞片、鳃);重金属污染均能提高攀鲈体内所有组织的ACP和AKP活力;AKP活性更容易受到重金属的影响,各组织的AKP活力增幅普遍超过ACP活力增幅;其中,受重金属影响最大的组织是脾脏,ACP和AKP活力可增长到2.37倍和6.21倍。这些结果说明了龟壳攀鲈可以通过显著升高内脏组织(如肠胃、肝脏、肾脏等)中ACP和AKP活性,以便更好地应对高污染环境;其中AKP更容易受到重金属的影响,适合用于作为评估污染的指标。

Activity Comparision of ACP and AKP in the Tissues of Anabas testudineus from Heavy Metal-polluted Areas

Anabas testudineus, a species of fish, can become dominant species in the extremely polluted waters. In order to reveal the pollution resistance of Anabas testudineus, fish samples were collected from different polluted areas (Guiyu and Chaozhou), and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were analysed in different tissues. Four sampling points were chosen in Guiyu for polluted area, including Dalong village, Shishang village, Liandi village and BeiLin village. Control sampling points were chosen in Chaozhou, including Woshi village and Ximaqiao. Water was collected from all sampling points to determine heavy metal content. The levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg of water sample in Guiyu were 27.6 times, 3.9 times, 5.8 times, 3.9 times and 3.5 times of those in Chaozhou. The results showed that, firstly, the activities of ACP and AKP in gastrointestinal organs, gonad, liver, spleen and kidney were higher than the peripheral tissues (such as muscle, squama and gill). Secondly, heavy metal pollution could induce the activities of ACP and AKP in almost all tissues of Anabas testudineus. Thirdly, the activities of AKP in all tissues were more susceptible than that of ACP to heavy metals. Finally, the activities of ACP and AKP in spleen were most susceptible to heavy metals, which could be increased to 2.37 times and 6.21 times, respectively. These results indicated that Anabas testudineus could significantly increase the activities of ACP and AKP in visceral tissues (such as gastrointestinal, liver, kidney, etc.) to well adapt to the heavy polluted environment, and the activity of AKP were more vulnerable to heavy metal and suitable to be a evaluation index of pollution.