云南疣柄牛肝菌属真菌中汞含量及食用健康风险分析

汞(Hg)对人类健康有明显的毒害作用,多数野生食用菌对Hg有很强的富集能力,测定野生食用菌中总Hg含量,并对其进行食用安全评估有重要意义。采用冷原子吸收光谱法测定云南常见疣柄牛肝菌属真菌菌盖、菌柄中总汞(Hg)含量,分析样品对Hg的富集特征;以FAO/WHO现行每周Hg允许摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)标准,评估疣柄牛肝菌属真菌的食用安全性。结果显示,不同产地、种类及不同采集时间疣柄牛肝菌属真菌的总Hg含量差异明显,菌盖中总Hg含量在0.54~4.80 mg·kg-1dw之间,菌柄总Hg含量在0.32~2.80 mg·kg~(-1)dw之间,同一种牛肝菌菌盖总Hg含量均大于菌柄(Q(C/S)1),表明疣柄牛肝菌属真菌对Hg的积累量与生长环境、种类、部位等有关。根据FAO/WHO暂行的每周Hg允许摄入量标准(0.004 mg·kg-1bw),成年人(60 kg)每周食用300 g(鲜重)采自云南的疣柄牛肝菌属真菌,Hg摄入量远低于PTWI标准,对人体Hg暴露风险较低。

Mercury Content in Leccinum Fungi and Its Health Risk Associated with Food Intake in Yunnan Province

Mercury (Hg) is toxic to human health. Many wild￣grown edible mushrooms accumulate considerable levels of Hg, and therefore it is important to determine and assess Hg content in wild￣grown edible mushrooms. To￣tal Hg in caps and stipes of common Leccinum fungi from Yunnan Province was determined by cold￣vapour atom￣ic absorption spectroscopy to assess the Hg accumulation characteristics of the mushrooms. The potential risk of the samples was assessed according to Hg provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) recommended by the United Na￣tions Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). The results showed that there were obvious differences in total Hg contents in different samples. The total Hg contents in the caps and sti￣pes were 0.54￣4.80 mg?kg￣1 dry weight (dw) and 0.32￣2.80 mg?kg￣1 dw, respectively. The values of the cap and stipe total Hg content ratio (Q(C/S)) of the samples from the same area were greater than 1 in all samples. These re￣sults reflected that the total Hg contents in Leccinum species might be related to environment, mushroom species, part of the fruiting body and other factors. According to the PTWI, if adults (60 kg) eat 300 g fresh Leccinum mushrooms a week, which is from Yunnan Province, Hg intakes of all samples were below the acceptable intake and Hg exposure risk to the human body is relatively low.