青藏铁路用空气弹簧橡胶胶料耐紫外线老化试验研究

我国正在建设的青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高、线路最长的高原铁路.其气候特点对橡胶制品提出了新的技术要求,为适应在该气候条件下的运用需要,进行了针对空气弹簧胶囊用橡胶的耐紫外线老化试验研究工作,试验表明随着紫外线老化时间的增加,其硬度和300%定伸强度均提高,但拉伸强度和扯断伸长率随着紫外线老化时间的增加而降低;通过与胶料的耐臭氧试验和大气老化试验比较,基本可以认为引起空气弹簧胶囊表面龟裂的主要原因是受力状况、臭氧和大气老化的作用,而紫外线对橡胶的表面龟裂影响作用不大,因此,为提高空气弹簧胶囊的耐老化性能,主要考虑降低橡胶的受力,提高耐臭氧和耐大气老化性能.

Ultraviolet Ray Ageing Resistance Test Research on Rubber Material of Air Spring for Tibet Railway

The Tibet railway under construction in China is the highest and the longest railway ling on tableland in the world. The climate particlarily brings new technological requirements for rubber products. The research by ultraviolet ray ageing resistance tests has been carried out on the rubber for air spring bellows in order to satisfy the need of service in this climate condition. The tests have shown that with the increase of UV ageing time, the hardness and the 300% modulus have been increased, while the tensile strength and the elongation at break decreased. Through the comparfson with ozone resistance test and atmosphere ageing test of rubber material, it can be affirmed that the main cause of the chaps on the surface of air spring bellows is the effects of stresses, ozone and atmosphere ageing, while the ultraviolet ray has little effect on the surface chaps of the rubber. Consequently, in order to improve the ageing resistance property of air spring bellows, the consideration should be mainly given to the reduction of stresses on ruhber and the improvement of zone and atmosphere ageing resistance property.