圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)非繁殖季节行为特征及行为节律的性别间差异

采用比较研究法，分析了甘肃兴隆山麝场圈养马麝（Moschus sifanicus）的非交配季节（8—10月）行为特征的性别间差异，并探讨了行为模式的变化格局．结果表明，由于雌麝在非交配季节正处于哺乳期，育幼投资相对增加，警戒性增强，其静卧、摄食和反刍等行为的终止阈值下降；和雄麝相比，雌麝的站立凝视、静卧、摄食和反刍等行为的发生频次相对较多．育幼直接导致雌麝相互间的冲突行为频次增多，母幼间的行为联系使其亲和行为的表达频次多于雄麝．圈养马麝在非交配季节的月行为节律变化还存在性别差异，在8—9月间，雌麝表达的静卧和反刍行为的频次渐少，而由于雄麝8月后正处于泌香后期（成体）或泌香期（亚成体），因此其运动频次较少，卧息较多，摄食持续时间减少．随繁殖季节的临近，雄麝从8月到10月间的运动、尾阴探究、冲突行为、环境探究等动态行为的表达逐渐增加．图1表2参22

Behavioral Characteristics of Captive Alpine Musk Deer During Non-mating Season

This study was conducted in the Breeding Center of Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. Integrated behavioral sampling methods of the focal sampling, scanning sampling and all occurrence recordings were utilized to quantify the behavioral pattern of 45 captive alpine musk deers in non-mating season (from August to October), and the frequencies of 12 behavioral patterns, such as standing-gazing, were recorded. The behavioral modes were compared between sexes to decide their potential differences, and the monthly behavioral differences during non-mating season were explored. The results show that the lactation of the females caused the thresholds of standing-gazing, bedding and ruminating lowered, so the females expressed the above behaviors more frequently than males. Furthermore, the lactation directly strengthened the expression intension of conflict behavior for females, and the amicable behavior was expressed more frequently owing to the more female-young interaction in non-mating season. During whole non-mating season, August was the posterior period for the adult male musk deers to secret musk and the prime period for sub-adult males, so male deers behaved lower activity and more bedding, and the reduction in the ingestion duration might make the feeding lowered. Furthermore, the male deers performed locomotion, environmental sniffing, conflict behavior and ano-genital sniffing more frequently from August to October because of the mating season. Fig 1,Tab 2, Ref 22