Biological activities of an extract from<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Cleome viscosa</Emphasis> L. (Capparaceae) |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">LAD?WilliamsEmail author E?Vasques W?Reid R?Porter W?Kraus |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Bio-organic Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany;(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, 7 Kingston, Jamaica;(3) Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, 7 Kingston, Jamaica;(4) Present address: Philippine Root Crop Research, Visayas State Colleage of Agriculture, 6521-A Baybay, Leyte, The Philippines |
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Abstract: | Electron micrograph examination of the leaf and stem surfaces of Cleome viscosa L (Family Capparaceae) revealed the presence of secretory glandular trichomes with club-cylinder and cylinder morphologies. In the present study, the leaves and stems of C. viscosa were extracted with hexane and the extract was evaluated for the following biological activities: anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, contact insecticidal and nematicidal. The extract was found to be a potent anti-bacterial agent according to the thin layer chromatography autobiographic assay. Activity-directed isolation studies of the anti-bacterially active compounds led to a 14-member ring cembranoid diterpene being identified as one of the effective agents. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (µg/spot) of 5.0 µg/spot and 1.0 µg/spot were found for the diterpene on Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Gram-negative), respectively. The diterpene did not inhibit the growth of the fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum. The extract demonstrated a pyrethroid type of contact insecticidal activity on adult Cylas formicarius elegantulus Summer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The extract also had high nematicidal activity with a percentage Abbott's value of 72.69 on the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood; however, the extract lost its potency upon subfractionation. |
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