基于水质的水资源模型与水质经济学初探

在对传统的以水量为核心的水资源模型理论与实践矛盾的分析基础上,阐述了水资源社会及自然循环规律,提出城市-流域系统中水资源利用的水质自然与人工再生过程和自然、人工修复的双要素.提出水质再生和水量循环的水资源模型及其假设和约束条件,确定了模型适用的边际条件和范围,据此进一步辨析了城市污水回用与再生水的异同,将再生水置于流域尺度的城市群上下游用户层面,提出污水回用(包括中水利用)是降低需求,再生水是增加总量的基本结论.在以水质为核心的水资源模型基础上,对现有水资源经济学定义进行了修正和补充,提出了水质经济学的基础概念,并讨论了水质经济学指导下的供水服务和价格模型结构,重新定位了再生水的战略并提出以流域水体的净化成本和人工水质改善成本共同形成的全成本高低来表征流域水资源短缺程度的缺水等级划分新思路.

Water Quality-oriented Water Resources Model and Water Quality Economics Frame

By analyzing the conflict between the theoretical model and the actual applications of traditional water resource evaluation, this article elaborates the process and essential elements of self-recovery and artificial recovery of water quality within the City-River basin Systems. This article proposes a water resource model of water quality recovery and water exchange and further defines the marginal conditions and applicable scope. In doing so, the comparison between urban wastewater reuse and recycle has been made, where water reuse has been defined at a river-basin level and can be expressed as increasing water volume, while wastewater recycling refers to reducing water demand. This article proposes an innovative model-Water Quality-Oriented Water Resources Model-for evaluating water resources, which takes into account the renewable nature of water quality and water recycling. Based on the Water Quality-Oriented Water Resource Model, this article brings out the idea of Water Quality Economics which modifies and expands the idea of the existed Water Resources Economics. Furthermore, water service pricing under Water Quality Economics is discussed. Moreover, the development strategy of reclaimed water is re-considered and a new conception of water scarcity grading is raised based on the sum of purification cost and artificial recovery cost for water body.