土地流转契约稳定性对转入土地农户化肥施用强度和环境效率的影响

本研究目的在于分析土地流转契约稳定性对转入土地农户化肥施用强度和环境效率的影响,并利用安徽省414户种粮大户的调研数据进行实证检验。研究方法包括DEA-SBM模型、多元回归模型和Tobit模型。结果表明：（1）土地租期、土地租金对种粮大户种植小麦、水稻、玉米的化肥施用强度分别有显著负向和显著正向的影响。（2）种粮大户种植小麦、水稻、玉米的平均环境效率分别为0.54、0.58、0.59,存在比较严重的环境效率损失;土地租期、土地租金对种粮大户种植小麦、水稻、玉米的环境效率分别有显著正向和显著负向的影响。本文主要结论是提高土地流转契约的稳定性有利于降低转入土地农户的施肥强度,进而提高农地规模经营的环境效率。

The effect of the stability of land transfer contract on the fertilization intensity and environmental efficiency of the farmer who tranfers in land

The research purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of land transfer contract stability on fertilization intensity and environmental efficiency of the farmer who tranfers in land, and the theoretical analysis result is tested empirically by using survey data of 414 big grain farmers from Anhui province. The research methods are concluded of DEA-SBM model, Multiple Regression model and Tobit model. Main results are shown as follows. (1) The marginal effects of land tenancy on the fertilization intensity of wheat, rice and maize planted by big grain farmers are -0.5551, -0.4313 and -1.0832, respectively, and the results pass the statistical test at the significance level of 5%, 10% and 5%, respectively. The marginal effects of land rent on the fertilization intensity of wheat, rice and maize planted by big grain farmers are 0.0071, 0.0073 and 0.0235, respectively, and the results pass the T test at the significance level of 10%, 10% and 1%, respectively. (2) Average environmental efficiency of wheat, rice and maize cultivated by big grain farmers are 0.54, 0.58 and 0.59, respectively, which shows that there is a serious environmental efficiency loss. The results of Tobit model show that the regression coefficients of land tenancy on the environmental efficiency of wheat, rice and maize planted by big grain farmers are 0.0122, 0.0209 and 0.0139, respectively, and the results all pass the T test at 5% significance level; The regression coefficients of land rent on the environmental efficiency of wheat, rice and maize planted by big grain farmers are -0.0156, -0.038 and -0.0239, respectively. Moreover the results pass the T test at the significance level of 5%, 5% and 1%, respectively. Main conclusion of this paper is that improving land transfer contract stability can help reduce fertilization intensity of the farmer who transfers in land, which can further increase environmental efficiency of farmland scale management. Moreover, risk preference of farmer and land scale expanding can help to reduce the fertilization intensity and improve the environmental efficiency of the farmer who transfers in land, while, the asymmetric information of the fertilizer market is not conducive to reduce the fertilization intensity and improve the environmental efficiency of the farmer who transfers in land; farmers tend to increase fertilization intensity on fertile land, making the fertile land has a lower environmental efficiency.