Participatory development of incentives to coexist with jaguars and pumas |
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Authors: | Ronit Amit Susan K. Jacobson |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611‐0430, U.S.A.;2. Programa Gente y Fauna, Asociación Confraternidad Guanacasteca, Guanacaste 50101, Costa Rica |
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Abstract: | Reducing costs and increasing benefits for rural communities coexisting with large carnivores is necessary for conservation of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor). To design acceptable incentives, stakeholders must be involved in the process. We conducted an innovative, structured, group communication process based on a Delphi technique as a template for identifying potential incentives. Community workshops with 133 members of 7 communities and surveys with 25 multidisciplinary experts from government, nongovernmental organizations, and academia provided iterative data to design a plan of incentives through 4 rounds of discussion. The final product integrated 862 ideas into 6 types of incentives: organization of communities, mechanisms for improved dialogue, citizen technical assistance, green labeling for community products, payment for the ecosystem service of biodiversity, and an assessment of financial alternatives. We used quantitative and qualitative techniques to indicate support for decisions about the design of incentives, which reduced researcher subjectivity. The diverse incentives developed and the cooperation from multiple stakeholders resulted in an incentive plan that integrated issues of governance, equity, and social norms. |
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Keywords: | Delphi technique governance human– wildlife conflict logic framework multistakeholder process participatory decision making conflicto humano – fauna gobernanza infraestructura ló gica proceso de mú ltiples actores té cnica de Delphi toma de decisiones participativa 德 尔 菲 技 术 , 管 理 , 人 兽 冲 突 , 逻 辑 框 架 , 多 方 利 益 相 关 者 过 程 , 参 与 性 决 策 |
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