“三北”地区沙棘种植地带划分与对策

中国“三北”地区不同生态气候地带,需要布设不同适宜性的沙棘品种,并严格按照适地适树的原则,因地制宜,方能达到预期的生态经济效果。“三北”沙棘种植地区,主要包括黄土高原南部半湿润森林草原气候生态经济型沙棘种植地带、黄土高原中部半干旱草原气候生态经济型沙棘种植地带、黄土高原北部干旱荒漠草原气候生态型沙棘种植地带、冀北辽西半干旱半湿润草原气候生态经济型沙棘种植地带、东北北部冷湿草原气候经济型沙棘种植地带(简称“五带”)。每一地带基本上都有各自适宜的自然种源区及良种繁育中心(基地、站、点)。沙棘“五带”种植地带划分方案的实质,是防止引种工作中的一窝蜂现象,实现科学规划,精心种植。在保证沙棘引种区域化的前提下,要注意培育沙棘优良品种、防止病虫害蔓延和通过产品打入国际市场来拉动国内沙棘种植的步伐。

Countermeasure and Regionalization of Hippophae Plantation in the "Three Norths" Region of China

Different climatic zones need different seabuckthorn species with adaptabilities and eco-economic functions in the "Three Norths" region (northern,northeastern and northwestern parts)of China.Only the principles of matching trees with suitable sites are followed and the measures suitable to local conditions are taken,can the expected eco-economic result be got in practice.Seabuckthorn plantation areas in the"Three Norths"region include five plantation zones of sub-humid prairie climate zone for eco-economic type of seabuckthorn plantation in southern part of the Loess Plateau,semi-arid steppe climate zone for eco-economic type of sea-buckthorn plantation in central part of the Loess Plateau,arid desert steppe climate zone for ecological type of seabuckthorn plantation in northern part of the Loess Plateau,semi-arid and sub-humid steppe climate zone for eco-economic type of seabuckthorn plantation in northern Hebei and western Liaoning,and cold humid steppe climate zone for economic type of sea-buckthorn plantation in the northern part of Northeast China.In every zone of so called Five Zones,there are suitable seabuckthorn seed sources,plus trees breeding and cultivation centers,bases,stations and spots.From the strategic viewpoints of solving eco-economic problems from seabuckthorn development in the"Three Norths"region,every seabuckthorn center(including base,station and spot)must have its own genes conserving garden,standard plantation for popularizing,excellent seed and seedling nursery,and sufficient afforestation areas for demonstration and spreading.The essential of the division of the Five Zones is to avoid planless introduction,but realizing scientific layout and intensive plantation.Under the prereguision of the plantations zonation for introducing seabuckthorn,the other three measures,that is,the introduction,selection and cross-breeding of good species,controlling of plant diseases and insect pests through mixed measures,and occupyin-g international market of seabuckthorn products to promote seabuckthorn plantation in China,must be paid more attention to in the seabuckthorn development in the "Three Norths"region of China.