Cloud physics and cloud water sampler comparison during FEBUKO |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus (BTU), Lehrstuhl für Luftchemie und Luftreinhaltung, Volmer Str. 13, 12489 Berlin, Germany;2. Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (IfT), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;3. Colorado State University, Atmospheric Science Department, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;4. Universität Frankfurt, Zentrum für Umweltforschung (ZUF) , Georg Voigt Str. 14, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany;1. Department of Chemistry, Technical College, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh (Deemed University), Agra-5, India;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh (Deemed University), Agra-5, India;1. School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China;3. Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 098109, United States;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;2. Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;1. The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK;2. Met Office, Exeter, UK |
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| Abstract: | Optical methods for counting and sizing cloud droplets and a wide range of cloud water sampling methods were used to characterize the atmospheric liquid phase during the FEBUKO cloud experiments. Results near cloud base as well as more than 300 m inside the hill cap clouds are presented, reflecting their inhomogeneous nature. The cloud droplet number varies from 50 to 1000 cm−3 and drop sizes between 1 and 20 μm diameter are most frequent. Variations in the liquid water content (LWC) and in the total ion content (TIC) are much smaller when the measurement position is deeper in the cloud. Near cloud base variability in updraft strength and, near cloud top, entrainment processes (droplet evaporation by mixing with drier air, aerosol and gas scavenging) disturb the adiabatic conditions and produce large variations in LWC and chemical composition. Six different active cloud water collectors and impactors were running side by side; they differ in the principle of sampling, in the throughput of cloudy air per unit time and in the calculated 50% cutoff diameter, which influence also their sampling efficiency. Two of them are designed to collect cloud water in two droplet size fractions. Three cloud events were selected by the FEBUKO team for detailed cloud physical and chemical analyses because they serve best the modelling demands concerning connected flow between the upwind, summit and downwind sites for process studies. Frequency distributions of the LWC and, also of the cloud base height are given as statistical parameters for both FEBUKO experiments. |
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