Lightning-tropospheric ozone connections: EOF analysis of TCO and lightning data |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA;2. Program in Atmospheric Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, USA;1. James H. Oliver Jr. Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8056, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA;2. Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8042-1, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA;1. Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK;2. National Centre for Atmospheric Science, and Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK;3. Environment Agency, Bristol, UK;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;3. Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;4. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I-one Center, Seoul Women''s Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea;6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maria Fertility Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to two different data sets of tropospheric column ozone (TCO) and observed lightning flash rates over the tropical Atlantic for the period of 1996–2000. The first two dominant EOF modes of TCO values, explaining more than 65% of total variance are characterized by the seasonal cycle. The time series of EOF1 and EOF2 of TCO values are in phase with those of the EOF2 (16%) and EOF1 (63%) of the lightning, respectively. These relationships imply the influence of lightning on the tropical ozone maximum and the tropical ozone paradox. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the EOF modes and the horizontal wind field in the upper troposphere show that the highest lightning flash rates are located upstream of the region where high TCO values are found throughout the year. |
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