农业水权转移的条件——基于甘肃、内蒙典型灌区的实证研究

由于农业的高用水份额和低使用价值,水市场发展的核心是农业用水向其他用水目标的转移;尽管水市场收益被大肆渲染,即使在西方国家,水市场的成功只是停留在政治和理论层面上,农业水权转移的条件,无论在发达国家还是发展中国家,都是水市场政策探索的核心问题。本文利用甘肃、内蒙2省典型灌区432个农户的实地调研数据,基于数据包络分析(DEA)方法,对农户灌溉用水效率与农业水权转移的内在逻辑关系进行系统分析,以探索中国转型经济条件下农业水权转移的条件。研究发现:尽管2个灌区农户灌溉用水效率低下,但马营河灌区灌溉用水效率的改善为农业水权转移奠定了基础;但农户用水效率改善只是农业水权转移的必要条件,水权和水价机制的建立、用水者协会的发展和灌区管理体制改革,降低了水权转移的交易成本,是农业水权转移的充分条件。需求即可以是行为的起因,也可以是行为的结果。农户灌溉用水效率差异是不同灌区农业水权转移的基础和结果。

The Precondition for Water Right out of Agriculture:A Positive Analysis Based on Two Typical Irrigation Districts

Due to high share and low value of agricultural water use,the core of water market is to move water out of agriculture.Although it is highly exaggerated,the successful story of water market is only theoretical and political even in the developed Western countries.The preconditions for water right market always are the key issue from the perspective of policy makers.Based on microlevel data collected in Gansu and Inner Mongolia,the method of data envelope analysis(DEA) was employed to examine the efficiency ...