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研究报告

The temporal changes of archaeal community structure in the sediments of the Hun River

石国强
1. 中国环境科学研究院城市水环境科技创新基地, 北京 100012;2. 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012;3. 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055

王佳
1. 中国环境科学研究院城市水环境科技创新基地, 北京 100012;2. 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012;3. 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055

摘要：为探究不同水期河流底泥古菌群落结构特征，选取浑河底泥为研究对象，并于2014年4月（枯水期），9月（丰水期），11月（平水期）对浑河流域进行样品采样，通过PCR-DGGE技术获得3个水期古菌的DGGE指纹图谱，并进行数据分析.结果表明，平水期的古菌多样性和种群丰度都要好于枯水期和丰水期，多样性指数均高于2.10，种群丰度均高于0.94，且上游到下游均匀度波动平缓，数值维持在0.90左右，说明平水期浑河底泥古菌群落结构变化相对稳定.聚类分析结果表明，不同水期浑河底泥古菌群落结构多样性并没有明显的地区特征，但3个水期位于城市段的采样点的古菌亲缘性较为接近.冗余梯度分析（RDA）结果表明，枯水期时水中BOD₅、pH和DO是影响古菌群落的主要因素；丰水期时水中的pH和NO₃^--N是影响古菌群落的主要因素；平水期时水中的TP和NO₂^--N是影响古菌群落的主要因素.

Abstract：To explore the characteristics of archaea community structure of river sediments within different water periods, PCR-DGGE was used to analyze the sediments from Hun River in dry season (April), wet season (September) and normal season (November), respectively. DGGE fingerprints of archaea community in different seasons were obtained by the PCR-DGGE method and the Cluster Analysis method. The results show that the diversity of archaea community in normal season was richer than that in dry and wet seasons, Shannon-Wiener Index was higher than 2.10, and Richness Index was higher than 0.94. Evenness Index was about 0.90 and it varied gently from upstream to downstream, demonstrating that the structure variation of archaea communities in sediment of Hun River was stable. No distinct discrepancy of archaea community diversity in different regions was attained by Cluster Analysis, but archaea samples collected from urban points in different seasons were similar in affinity. The RDA results show that BOD₅、pH and DO in dry season river were the principal factors influencing archaea community diversity, while in wet season, the pH and NO₃^--N were the main factors, and in normal seasons, the TP and NO₂^--N played key roles to influence the diversity of archaea community.