| 基于PMF模型的长江流域水体中多环芳烃来源解析及生态风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 3314 全文点击 1334 投稿时间：2016-03-23 修订日期：2016-05-05 |
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| 中文关键词 多环芳烃 长江流域 表层水体 来源 分布 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Yangtze River surface water source distribution ecological risk |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究长江流域水体中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染特征和生态风险，于2015年8月采集了长江干流及主要支流水体样品19个. 使用固相萃取方法提取PAHs，经净化后，利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定了16种优先控制PAHs（∑PAHs）的浓度. 结果表明，水体中∑PAHs浓度范围为17.7~110 ng·L-1，平均浓度为42.6 ng·L-1. 水体中PAHs主要以低环为主（2~3环），占水体∑PAHs总量的67.7%. 同分异构体比值法表明，研究区PAHs主要来自于化石燃料和木材等生物质燃料燃烧的产物以及石油类物质泄漏和化石燃料燃烧混合产物. 正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）结果表明，研究区PAHs主要有4种来源，依次为：生物质和煤炭燃烧混合源40.1%，石油源19.6%，交通源17.5%，焦炭源22.8%. 生态风险评价结果表明，低环PAHs的生态风险处于较高水平，各采样点风险熵值表明，乌江站及下游区域生态风险较高，但总体看来，长江流域总体生态风险处于较低水平. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the features and ecological risk of PAHs in surface water from Yangtze River, 19 water samples were collected from the main stream and branch of Yangtze River in August 2015. Solid phase extraction method was used to extract PAHs, and the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were determined using GC-MS. The results indicated that the concentration of total PAHs (∑PAHs) in the surface water ranged from 17.7-110 ng·L-1 with an average value of 42.6 ng·L-1. The predominant PAHs in the water were PAHs with 2-3 rings, accounting for 67.7% of ∑PAHs. The results of molecular diagnostic ratios indicated that the origin of PAHs was mostly combustion sources, including fossil fuel and biomass combustion. PMF model was used to quantitatively acquire the source contribution of PAHs, which indicated that four sources were identified and their contribution rates were respectively biomass and coal combustion (40.1%), petroleum source (19.6%), traffic source (17.5%) and coke oven source (22.8%). The results of ecological risk assessment indicated that PAHs with 2-3 rings had a relatively high risk level, and Wujiang station and lower reach had a relatively high risk level based on risk quotient. Overall, the ecological risk of PAHs in the Yangtze River was at a relatively low level. |
