| 2013—2014年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施效果及对策建议 |
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| 引用本文： | 高文康,唐贵谦,吉东生,刘子锐,宋涛,程萌田,王跃思.2013—2014年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施效果及对策建议[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(11):1567-1574. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高文康 唐贵谦 吉东生 刘子锐 宋涛 程萌田 王跃思 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院大气物理研究所, 大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室LAPC, 北京 100029 ;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院A类科学先导专项(XDA05100100)；中国科学院B类科学先导专项(XDB05020000)；北京市科技计划项目(D09040903670902) |
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| 摘 要： | 2013年9月10日国务院颁布了《大气污染防治行动计划》(下称《行动计划》).为研究《行动计划》颁布前后我国不同地区大气污染状况变化及其防治措施效果,通过分析2013—2014年“中国大气气溶胶研究网络(CARE-China)” 36个监测站点ρ(PM2.5),结合同期环境保护部公布的74个重点城市大气主要污染物浓度数据和OMI卫星数据,分析了我国不同地区ρ(PM2.5)变化及其原因；同时,以北京为例,分析了不同粒径段中颗粒物质量浓度变化的原因.结果表明:①京津冀及其周边、长三角、珠三角、西南、成渝、西北、华中、关中和东北9个地区ρ(PM2.5)年均值下降了1.1～16.3 μg/m3.其中,京津冀及其周边、长三角、珠三角、成渝和关中地区降幅均超过10.0%,分别为10.2%、10.7%、11.6%、16.9%和20.8%.②不同地区ρ(NO2)和ρ(SO2)年均值变化基本一致,近地面ρ(NO2)年均值在京津冀及其周边、珠三角、西南、成渝和华中等地区降幅在3.0%～9.2%之间,但是华北平原地区NO2柱浓度下降明显,降幅在10.0%～20.0%之间.③北京地区ρ(PM1)和ρ(PM2.5)年均值分别下降了5.7和0.2 μg/m3,并且ρ(NO3-)和ρ(SO42-)年均值在PM1和PM2.5中均有所下降,但ρ(PM1~2.5)与其ρ(NH4+)年均值升幅分别为27.9%和16.2%.因此,京津冀及其周边地区在防治措施实施过程中,在控制高架点源与实施脱硝措施等情况下,应逐步加强近地面面源和线源的控制力度；在实施SO2和NOx减排措施的同时,还需要重视机动车三元催化过程和燃煤电厂脱硫脱硝过程中可能导致的NH3排放问题.
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| 关 键 词： | 大气污染 《大气污染防治行动计划》 细颗粒物 脱硝 氨 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/3/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/7/21 0:00:00 |
Implementation Effects and Countermeasures of China′s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan |
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| GAO Wenkang,TANG Guiqian,JI Dongsheng,LIU Zirui,SONG Tao,CHENG Mengtian and WANG Yuesi.Implementation Effects and Countermeasures of China′s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(11):1567-1574. |
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| Authors: | GAO Wenkang TANG Guiqian JI Dongsheng LIU Zirui SONG Tao CHENG Mengtian and WANG Yuesi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China ;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China2.State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | The State Council of China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(Action Plan) on September 10th, 2013. To study the different regional air pollution control effects after implementation of the “Action Plan”, ρ(PM2.5) was analyzed at 36 monitoring sites of the Campaign on atmospheric Aerosol Research Network of China(CARE-China) between 2013 and 2014. In the meantime, to research the reasons for change of ρ(PM2.5) in different regions in China, ρ(SO2) and ρ(NO2) in 74 cities were analyzed with the OMI satellite data, which was released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The results show that:(1) ρ(PM2.5) was reduced by 1.1-16.3 μg/m3 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding area,the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the South-West, Chengdu-Chongqing, the North-West, Guanzhong, Central China and the North-East regions； this represented a reduction of more than 10.0% in several regions, specifically, reductions of 10.2%, 10.7%, 11.6%, 16.9% and 20.8% in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding area, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Chengdu-Chongqing and the Guanzhong regions, respectively.(2) ρ(NO2) and (SO2) were consistent in different regions, and the range of decrease of ρ(NO2) near the ground was 3.0%-9.2% in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding area, Pearl River Delta, South-West, Chengdu-Chongqing and central China, whereas the NO2 column density was decreased 10.0%-20.0%. (3) ρ(PM1) and ρ(PM2.5) were decreased by 5.7 and 0.2 μg/m3, respectively. Also, ρ(NO3-) and ρ(SO42-) in PM1 and PM2.5 were decreased. However, ρ(PM1-2.5) and ρ(NH4+) in PM1-2.5 were increased 27.9% and 16.2% respectively. Therefore, in the process of the implementation of control measures, when elevated point sources are controlled and denitration measures and policies are implemented, the intensity of near ground surface source and line source control should be gradually strengthened. In addition, with the implementation of SO2 and NOx emission reduction measures, the NH3 emission issue, which might be caused by the three-way catalytic process of vehicles and the desulfurization and denitrification of the coal-fired power plants, should be considered. |
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