废纸脱墨废水的活性污泥法深度处理

本文对废纸脱墨水废水的活性污泥深度处理进行了研究，结果表明，经一级絮凝处理后的脱墨废水适合于进行生化处理，用于处理脱墨废水的活性污泥在连续曝气７２小时且不断提高脱墨废水ＢＯＤ浓度至１１０９ｍｇ／Ｌ的条件进行培养，经培训驯化后的活性污泥处理胶墨化废水的能力增强，脱墨废水经活化污泥处理后ＣＯＤ，ＢＯＤ的含量大幅度降低。     

废纸脱墨废水的污染特征及其处理技术

阐述了多种废纸脱墨废水的污染特征及化学法脱墨、酶法脱墨、浮选脱墨、洗涤脱墨、无脱墨机械处理、无脱墨工艺及废纸浆料等因素对废纸脱墨废水污染特征的影响；并对废纸脱墨废水处理技术的研究与应用现状和进展及其优缺点和适用范围等方面进行了综合论述。     

废纸脱墨废水混凝性能研究

对脱墨废水混凝处理的混凝剂和助凝剂的种类和用量进行了试验．结果表明：ＰＩＯ较硫酸铝混凝性能好，添加少量ＰＡＭ助凝剂有利于絮凝物的沉降，脱墨废水中ＳＳ、ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＢＯＤ５的去除率分别达到８５．４％，７８．２％和７１．７％．     

造纸脱墨废水的深度处理技术

介绍一种实用的脱墨废水三级处理技术的原理、工艺流程、主要构筑物,并重点探讨了在各级处理过程中的控制参数和影响因素。应用该工艺建造的某大型造纸厂的脱墨废水处理工程,处理出水达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中二级标准。针对该处理系统实际运行中出现的问题,提出了相应的解决措施,可供同行借鉴和参考。     

废纸制浆技术新进展

本文介绍了废纸制浆过程中供料技术，碎浆技术，筛选技术，脱墨技术，浮选技术，洗涤技术和污泥利用技术等方面在生产上的新发展。     

高起点高技术发展废纸造纸

人们习惯随手将生活废纸当垃圾丢掉 ;但很多人并不知道 ,就是这种废纸 ,中国每年需要大批从国外进口。我国对废纸的利用和处理 ,在上世纪 70年代是通过简单的蒸煮、疏解、打浆、洗涤后用于抄造或配抄卫生纸和低档箱纸板。到 2 0世纪 80年代废纸的回收率已达 2 5 %左右 ,少数厂家亦能生产脱墨浆。进入 2 0世纪 90年代后 ,一些大、中型造纸企业 ,先后从国外引进了包括生产线在内的脱墨设备和技术 ,并对废纸脱墨剂和废纸脱墨设备进行了针对性改进与创新 ,使我国废纸利用处理技术和设备装配水平得以全面发展。据专业人士介绍 ,废纸是造纸首选原…     

废纸脱墨制浆及其环境效益

用脱墨工艺将废旧报纸和杂志转化成为二次纤维是近１０年来国际国内造纸工业迅速发展的一项新技术。在带来重大效益，生态效益和环境效益的同时，也有需要处理附污染的问题。     

再生浆造纸污水处理与闭路循环实践

分析了不同品种的再生浆造纸工艺及给排水流程 ;采用锅炉烟气处理脱墨黑液 ,漂白废水用于废水脱色 ;采用絮凝沉淀、过滤与化学处理相结合的方法处理综合污水。实现废水多级回用 ,循环水率达 80 %～ 90 % ,少量废水达标排放 ,投资和运行费用可节省近 5 0 %。     

混凝法处理二次纤维废水的研究

研究了混凝法处理二次废水的效果。利用正交实验确定混凝剂种类、混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量、 pH四因素的影响;结果表明,混凝剂种类、投药量、助凝剂均为影响脱墨废水混凝效果的关键因素, PAC去除效果最好,混凝剂PAC投加量200mg/L,助凝剂PAM投加量3mg/L。     

浮选法废纸脱墨工艺研究

废纸脱墨后回收利用，可减少污染，节约能源和原材料、保护森林资源、具有很好的经济效益和环境效益。本文研究了影响浮选法底纸脱墨的主要因素，即碎浆／疏解时间、pH值、浮选药剂、浮选时间和浓度等。在优化工艺流程和药剂浓度后，取得的技术指标为：脱墨纸浆的白度由未脱墨时的38％－40％提高到54％，纤维回收率在85％以上。     

高效内循环反应器的污泥特性

采用高效内循环好氧反应器处理废纸脱墨废水,结果表明,在高紊流、高剪切条件下生物活性污泥的粒径减小,使废水、生物污泥、空气充分接触,大大提高了传质速率和污泥的比好氧呼吸速率(SOUR),反应器的容积负荷和COD处理效率可分别达35kg/(m³d)和80%.     

The effect of ink types and printing processes on flotation deinking efficiency of wastepaper recycling

Wastepaper is the largest fraction of solid waste. Flotation deinking plays an essential role in the product quality and process cost of wastepaper recycling. This paper investigated the effect of ink types and printing processes on flotation deinking. Examination of ink types in this study revealed that newsprint oil-based offset-cold and offset-heat inks contain substantial oil (45 to 60%) and resin (5 to 35%); water-based ink contains water (40%) and resin (polystyrene, 30%); and these inks are liquids with densities around 1 g/cm³ at 25 °C. On the other hand, photocopy and laser-print toners were found to be solid powders with particle diameters of about 20 μm, densities of 1 to 1.5 g/cm³, and a composition that consists primarily of styrene-acrylate copolymers (60 to 90%). Except for water-based ink, which is water soluble, all inks in their initial state are hydrophobic. It was found that for newsprint oil based offset-cold inks there is little change in their surface chemical properties, and their hydrophobic character is retained. These inks in the newsprint wastepaper pulp can be effectively removed by flotation. On the other hand, it was found that during the printing processes, the toner particles undergo polymerization (fusion) and oxidation with the subsequent formation of peroxide bonds due to exposure to heat, light, and oxygen (air). The fusion due to polymerization causes bonding to the paper fibers and the creation of larger toner particle sizes. The oxidation creates a greater polarity at the toner particle surface. These effects account for the poor efficiency in the flotation deinking of office waste. In order to improve office wastepaper recycling, it is evident, based on this study and policy considerations, that there is a need to find ways of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of flotation deinking by modification of the surface properties of printed toner particles, or designing new toner particles.     

Technical measures to achieve a cleaner production mode for recycled paper mills

China’s paper production reached 79.8 × 10⁶ t in 2008 and ranked number one in the world. Because of its high consumption of water, energy and materials and its serious pollution, the present processes are not likely to be sustainable. An alternative, the closed Water Loop-Papermaking Integration (WLPI) method, is put forward in this paper. The WLPI method can be realized in a recycled paper mill by adding technologies and using recycled water. Many industrial case studies have shown that a large quantity of water, energy and materials can be saved, and the quantity of waste sludge and wastewater discharge was minimized by using the WLPI method. The design of the water reuse system, control of calcium hardness, water recycling and minimal waste sludge are discussed. Anaerobic technology plays an important role in the WLPI method to lower cost, energy use and waste. In the brown paper and coated white board production, zero-effluent discharge can be realized. Fresh water consumption is only 1–2m³·t⁻¹. For the paper mills with deinking and bleaching processes, about 10 m³·t⁻¹ of fresh water and a similar amount of effluent discharge are needed. Power saving using anaerobic technology is 70% when recycled water is used in comparison with the conventional activated sludge process.Waste sludge can be decreased to about 5% of the initial process due to reuse of the waste sludge and the lower bio-sludge production of the anaerobic process.     

Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source

Sewage sludge (SS) and deinking sludge (DS) were used to comparatively study the hydrothermal dewatering of sludge with different components. For a better overview, an insight into the relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge was provided. Results found that not all kinds of sludge were suitably conditioned by hydrothermal treatment (HT) in term of the elevation of dewaterability. Higher hydrothermal temperature tended to enhance the dewaterability of SS rather than DS, which was supported by the variation of their physicochemical properties (including water distribution, bonding energy, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particles size, acid functional groups and zeta potential in this study). In addition, the changes in surface morphology suggested that the reverse effect of HT on sludge dewaterability was mainly due to their dewatering behavior. For SS, the destruction of EPS structure leaded to the release of bound water, thereby strengthening sludge dewatering. Conversely, “Bridging effect” generated by lignocellulose in DS was beneficial for sludge dewatering; however, the increasing hydrothermal temperature degraded part of lignocellulose and weakened “bridging effect”, finally resulting in worse dewaterability of DS.     

空气污染物对文书档案纸张保存耐久性的影响研究

空气污染物中的粉尘、烟、飞灰、黑烟、雾、煤烟尘、悬浮微粒等会促使文书档案纸张加速氧化分解,导致纸张中的纤维素氧化腐败,从而降低纸张保存的耐久性,分析空气污染物对文书档案纸张保存耐久性的影响。对不同成分的文书档案纸张进行实际检测分析,研究表明,空气污染物对纸张具有加快氧化分解的作用,使得纸张的内部碳结构不稳定,在温度、湿度、光照等催化作用下,空气污染物加速了纸张的化学分解,从而导致纸张损毁,在纸张保存中,需要注意环境大气污染,采用空气净化和防潮等手段,提高纸张保存的时效。     

PPy/TiO2光催化微生物燃料电池产电及在钴酸锂浸出中的应用

以无水氯化铁为氧化剂,碳纸为基板,通过化学氧化法制备聚吡咯/二氧化钛（PPy/TiO₂）光电阴极,采用XRD、IR、SEM对光催化材料进行表征.以碳纸为阳极;碳纸、TiO₂改性碳纸和PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸为阴极,构建双室微生物燃料电池（MFC）.在光照条件下,研究了MFC废水处理效果、产电性能及阴极钴酸锂的浸出情况.结果表明：PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸最大功率密度为10425.7mW/m²,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.97和1.86倍;PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸阴极Co（Ⅱ）浸出率为47.8%,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.87和1.76倍.     

基于循环经济理念构建我国未来的造纸业

造纸工业是我国制造业中为数不多的朝阳产业,也是污染较为严重的行业。在结合目前国内外造纸业发展现状的基础上,基于循环经济理念,从三个层面上探讨了如何构建我国未来的造纸业,提出了我国未来造纸业可持续发展模式:先组织企业内部的物质循环和能量梯级利用,其次结合自身和周边环境的特点构建有效产业链,同时积极开展废纸资源的回收利用以形成社会层面上的大循环,最终实现造纸业的可持续发展。     

我国造纸行业清洁生产的思路及案例分析

在分析我国造纸行业的污染现状及治理现状的基础,雌出了造纸行业清洁生产的初步思路框架，在该清洁生产思路的指导下，以茂名市造纸厂为案例进行了较为详细的分析，最后，提出了我国造纸行业实施可持续发展的战略措施。     

PPy/TiO2光催化微生物燃料电池产电及在钴酸锂浸出中的应用

以无水氯化铁为氧化剂,碳纸为基板,通过化学氧化法制备聚吡咯/二氧化钛（PPy/TiO₂）光电阴极,采用XRD、IR、SEM对光催化材料进行表征.以碳纸为阳极;碳纸、TiO₂改性碳纸和PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸为阴极,构建双室微生物燃料电池（MFC）.在光照条件下,研究了MFC废水处理效果、产电性能及阴极钴酸锂的浸出情况.结果表明：PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸最大功率密度为10425.7mW/m²,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.97和1.86倍;PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸阴极Co（Ⅱ）浸出率为47.8%,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.87和1.76倍.