Flow of chemical energy in Alwar jheel of Yamuna basin near Allahabad

The water quality, rate of energy transformation, chemical composition of producers and flow of chemical energy were studied in both feeding river Yamuna and Alwar jheel near Allahabad. As the river Yamuna had high value of alkalinity (210.0 mgl(-1)), conductance (518.0 micromhos), dissolved solids (260.0 mgl(-1)), hardness (162.0 mgl(-1)) and chloride (54.6 mgl(-1)) jheel also showed high values of these parameters. The rate of energy transformation from kinetic radiant energy to chemical energy was very high in the jheel 32,315 Cal m(-2) day(-1) of which 25,620 Cal m(-2) day(-1) was contributed by aquatic plants. Out of 11,764 x 10(4) Kcal ha(-1) yr(-1) total energy fixed in the system, producers stored 7,154 x 10(4) Kcal ha(-1) yr(-1) and the rest was lost as heat of respiration. The pattern of storage of energy was different in two groups of producers and thus most of the energy fixed by phytoplankton was stored as protein (56.2%) and less as carbohydrate (11.7%) while aquatic plants stored more energy as carbohydrate (40.8%) than protein (23.2%). The chemical energy obtained from the system was 1,85,000 Kcal ha(-1) yr(-1) and thus only 0.260% of the chemical energy stored by producers was harvested. The potential chemical energy resource in the jheel was 81.4 x 10(4) Kcal ha(-1) yr(-1) of which only 22.6% was harvested in the jheel and there is enough scope for further enhancement.     

Ostracods as indicators of pollution in the lakes of Mysore

Ostracods are small crustaceans found in aquatic habitats and the present paper deals with the role of water quality index on their population diversity and seasonal fluctuations in the four lakes of Mysore city The present investigation was carried out from July 2004 to June 2005. The study revealed highest water quality index and population density of ostracods during summer and least during winter Dalvoi lake recorded higher waterquality index (125.04), population density (60 l(-1)) but lower species diversity (2 species) of ostracods, whereas Kamana lake recorded lowest water quality index (63.49), population density (40 l(-1)) and highest species diversity (6 species) of ostracods. Increase in the water quality index indicates increase in the pollution load. As water quality index (WQI) increases, population density of ostracods increases but species diversity decreases.     

渭河浮游生物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

渭河是黄河第一大支流,是黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的重要研究区域.为了掌握渭河浮游生物组成结构及生态环境现状,于2018—2019年分两个季节在渭河开展4次水生态调查,研究分析了渭河浮游生物群落结构特征及其影响因子.调查结果显示,浮游植物有8门53种,以绿藻门和硅藻门为主,占比分别为43.4％、33.9％;浮游动物4...     

Pollution level in distillery effluent and its phytotoxic effect on seed germination and early growth of maize and rice

The effluent from a Lucknow- based distillery (Mohan Meakin Distillery) was analyzed for physico-chemical and biological parameters of pollution and concentration of potentially toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn) and the effect of the distillery effluent, as such and on 50% dilution with tap water was studied on seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). The effluent was wine red in colour and highly acidic (pH approximately 55) and possessed decaying alcoholic smell. The effluent contained high values of different pollution parameters, particularly total solids, 3450 mgl(-1) (soluble plus suspended solids), alkalinity 1500 mgl(-1), biological oxygen demand (BOD, 1649 mgl(-1)) and chemical oxygen demand (COD, 2036 mgl(-1)). It had very low values of dissolved oxygen (DO, 0.34 mgl(-1)). The heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn) content, particularly the nickel concentration (0.029 mg l(-1)) was high. Use of the distillery effluent, even on 1:1 dilution with tap water inhibited germination and early seedling growth of maize and rice. In both maize and rice, more so in the former germination % of seeds, length of radicle and plumule and the fresh and dry weight of the seedlings were significantly reduced. The emerging leaves of the seedlings also developed visible effects of toxicity some of which resembled the symptoms of nickel toxicity. Our observations suggest that the effluent, as discharged from the distillery carry a heavy load of pollutants. Its discharge into the river Gomti poses a potential threat to the aquatic life, perticularly during the summer months when the water flow in the river is drastically reduced. The distillery effluentis also harmful for irrigating crops grown along the drain carrying it.     

富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构特征的影响

浮游植物是水生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的基础,作为初级生产者,浮游植物的群落结构直接影响着水生态系统的结构和功能。在水产养殖生产中,如何根据养殖生物对生活环境的需求开展精准培水、定向培水,培养养殖生物所需要的浮游植物,在维持养殖水域生态平衡的同时又能为养殖生物提供一定的饵料资源,这一直是摆在水产科技工作者面前的重要难题和研究热点。已有的资料大都是通过添加磷的方式研究磷改变对浮游植物生长的影响,而有关富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构影响的研究尚未见报道。为此,试验通过向取自富营养化湖泊的水体中加入磷去除剂,采用Pielou均匀度指数、Mcnaughton优势度指数和Shannon多样性指数,研究自然水体中的磷被降低后水体浮游植物群落结构的变化情况。结果表明,所取富营养化水体中共检出绿藻（Chlorophyta）、硅藻（Bacillariophyta）、蓝藻（Cyanophyta）、裸藻（Euglenophyta）、隐藻（Cryptophyta）、甲藻（Pyrrophyta）6门29种（包括变种和变型）;其中绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻、隐藻、裸藻、甲藻分别有7、4、2、1、1种,分别占总种数的24.13%、13.79%、6.90%、3.45%、3.45%。富营养化水体降磷后,虽然试验组和对照组在浮游植物种类组成上没有差异,但浮游植物群落结构特征发生了很大变化,浮游植物数量明显降低,由13 238.8×104cells·L-1降低至3 997.5×104cells·L-1,下降了69.8%;浮游植物优势种从1门（蓝藻（Cyanophyta））6种增加到3门（绿藻（Chlorophyta）、硅藻（Bacillariophyta）、蓝藻（Cyanophyta））12种,优势度指数从97.29%降低至86.30%,优势种门数和优势种种数远远高于对照组,优势度明显低于对照组;同时,浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度分别从1.85和0.38升高至2.60和0.54,显示出试验组浮游植物多样性和均匀度优于对照组。研究表明富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构产生了明显影响,使群落结构处于更加复杂、完整和稳定的状态。     

Evaluation of physical, chemical and microbiological properties of lake Uluabat, Turkey

Lake Uluabat, known for its scenic beauty and richness of aquatic life, is situated in Marmara Region, Bursa (Turkey). On account of its importance, lake Uluabat was designated by the Ministry of Environment as a Ramsar site in 1998. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of the aquatic ecosystem in lake Uluabat were measured monthly at five stations from February 2003 to January 2004. The results showed that lake Uluabat can be classified as Class I with respect to temperature (16.36 +/- 7.47 degrees C), nitrate nitrogen (0.63 +/- 0.50 mgl(-1)), sodium (9.64 +/- 2.78 mgl(-1)), chloride (20.45 +/- 4.59 mgl(-1)), sulphate (54.80 +/- 29.97 mgl(-1)); as Class II with respect to dissolved oxygen (7.62 +/- 1.99 mgl(-1)), ammonium nitrogen (0.52 +/- 0.49 mgl(-1)), chemical oxygen demand (35.74 +/- 10.66 mgl(-1)), total coliform (2027 MPN100 ml(-1) (average value)); as Class III with respect to pH (8.69 +/- 0.16) and as Class IV with respect to total nitrogen (84.94 +/- 66.13 mgl(-1)), total phosphorus (1.11 +/- 3.01 mgl(-1)), biochemical oxygen demand (21.21 +/- 6.60 mgl(-1)) according to TWPCR (Turkey Water Pollution Control Regulation). The nutrient content of lake waterapparently indicated that lake had an eutrophic characteristic. Phosphorus was determined as a limiting factor in lake. The measured hardness values (140.94 +/- 14.61 CaCO3 mgl(-1)) indicated that lake water was classified as soft/hard during the study period. Eutrophic characteristic of the lake and contaminant accumulation in water will probably affect the future use of the lake. Therefore, pollution parameters must be regularly monitored and evaluated according to aquatic living and local regulations.     

三峡水库浮游植物群落特征及水体富营养化评价

基于2003—2017年三峡水库浮游植物群落结构、优势种群的变化和2017年水库干支流水质数据,全面分析浮游植物群落结构和演替特征,并运用综合营养状态指数法对水体富营养化程度进行评价。结果表明,三峡水库浮游植物种类丰富,监测期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门62属,细胞密度在7.5×10~4~2.8×10~7cell/L之间变化,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.0~3.0,在α-中污带和β-中污带之间,说明三峡水库水生态环境健康状况相对较好;三峡水库浮游植物季节性演替特征呈硅藻和甲藻向蓝藻和绿藻演替的趋势,年际变化特征分析发现浮游植物密度在2008年175 m实验蓄水后大量增长,且优势藻类由河道型藻类向湖泊型藻类转化。通过监测数据分析,得出三峡水库干流处于中营养状态,支流在春季主要处于轻度富营养状态,秋季支流比春季支流的富营养化程度低,主要处于中营养状态,总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)和透明度(transparency,SD)为水质主要影响因子。     

上海大莲湖水域浮游植物群落结构特征及水质评价

分别于2009年春、夏、秋、冬4季对上海大莲湖水域浮游植物和水质进行了4次采样调查,应用Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数及优势度等指标分析了不同季节大莲湖水域浮游植物的群落结构特征;并结合理化指标,对大莲湖水域的水体营养状况进行了综合评价。结果表明,大莲湖水域检出浮游植物共计7门40属64种,其中,以绿藻门种类数最多,其次是蓝藻门和硅藻门;浮游植物密度变化范围为0.35×106~10.87×106L-1;浮游植物优势种季节性变化明显,优势种种类较多,为9~14种,优势度不高,变化范围为0.02~0.60。依据浮游植物密度、优势种等群落结构特征评价得出,大莲湖水域水质介于中营养化至富营养化状态之间;由Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Margalef物种丰富度指数得出的评价结果差异较大,其中利用Pielou均匀度指数获得的评价结果与依据理化指标、浮游植物密度及优势种获得的评价结果基本一致,说明该指数适用于大莲湖水域水体营养状态的评价。     

渝北不同模式水源涵养林植物多样性及其与土壤特征的关系

以重庆缙云山8种不同构建模式的水源涵养林及林地土壤为研究对象,用物种多样性指数(simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数)、均匀度指数(Pieiou指数)和物种丰富度指数(Margalef指数)以及用土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量12个指标表征土壤的物理性状和养分特征,分析了8种群落的植物多样性、土壤特征及二者的相互关系.结果表明:物种多样性以广东山胡椒(Lindera kwangtungensis)×杉木((7unninghamia anceolata)混交林最高.马尾松(Pinus massoniana)×广东山胡椒混交林次之,马尾松×柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk)混交林和毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)纯林最低.各模式林地土壤特征差异显著,以毛竹纯林土壤质量最差.在该地区针阔混交林对提高物种多样性和改良土壤作用显著,针叶林及纯林则较差.物种多样性指数与土壤特征因子的相关性分析表明,不同模式水源林群落植物多样性与土壤特征因子存在一定相关性,其中与土壤物理性状特征关系不显著,与养分特征关系显著.全N与全K与四个多样性指数呈显著或极显著的正相关,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和有机质、阳离子交换量、速效P呈显著的正相关,特别是有机质和全N两因子与物种多样性关系最密切.     

Toxicity of neem pesticides on a fresh water loach, Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton Buchanan) of Darjeeling district in West Bengal

Static renewal bioassay tests were conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of two neem based biopesticides, applied widely on tea plantation namely, Nimbecidine and Neem Gold either separately as well as, in combination to the fingerlings (mean body length- 4.46 +/- 0.15 cm; mean body weight- 0.49 +/- 0.15g) of a fresh water loach, Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton Buchanan) acclimatized to laboratory conditions prior to experiment. The 96 hours LC50 values for Nimbecidine and Neem Gold and the combination of the two were 0.0135 mgl(-1), 0.0525mgl(-1) and 0.0396 mgl(-1), respectively. The regular water quality analysis showed, that with increasing doses of biopesticides, dissolved oxygen level was lower and other parameters like pH, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity total hardness, chloride ions of water increased. The fish under toxicity stress suffered several abnormalities such as erratic and rapid movement, body imbalance and surface floating responding proportionately to the increase in concentrations of the toxicant biopesticides. The 96 hours LC50 values proved Nimbecidine more toxic than Neem Gold and the combination of the two biopesticides.     

Role of water hyacinth in the health of a tropical urban lake

The paper assesses health of the tropical urban Robertson Lake, Jabalpur which receives domestic sewage from neighboring human inhabitation and is infested with water hyacinth. Peak density of this macrophyte was 12.5 t dw ha(-1). The water-column was anaerobic (0.6 to 1.9 mg O2 L(-1)), neutral in pH, and enriched with inorganic carbon (23.5 to 37.1 mg L(-1)), NH4-N (0.48 to 2.96 mg L(-1)), and organic nitrogen and phosphorus. Density of heterotrophic bacteria was high (6.8 to 15x10(5) cfu ml(-1)) along with that of total coliforms and fecal bacteria. Species diversity of phytoplankton and submerged macrophytes was very low. Growing stands of water hyacinth could store up to 613 g C m(-2), 23.5 g N m(-2) and 5.5 g P m(-2) and released them during decomposition. The release of nutrients was 3-4 times faster than the uptake. Water hyacinth stabilized water quality and provided substantial support to bacterial density, which in turn contributed significantly to its growth and nutrient dynamics. Turnover of water hyacinth was only 70-80%, adding approximately 175 t humus in the lake. The results denote poor health of the lake, characterized by low species diversity, fast shallowing, dominance of detritus food--webs, and the water unsuitable for human consumption.     

Phytoplankton communities in aquaculture system (integration of shrimp and seaweed)

ABSTRACT

Knowledge about phytoplankton communities is important for aquaculture due to their influence on environmental variables. The goal of the study was to evaluate the ecological effect of seaweed Gracilaria birdiae at three different densities: 2.5 (LG2.5); 5.0 (LG5.0) and 7.5?kg m^?3 (LG7.5), on water quality variables and the phytoplankton communities in integrated aquaculture systems (shrimp and seaweed) with a control (without seaweed) (LB) using biofloc technology. Settleable and total suspended solids were significantly correlated with the phytoplankton groups. In addition, orthophosphate was the main variable controlling phytoplankton growth and gross primary production. No significant differences were identified among the treatments in terms of the phytoplankton assemblages (p?>?0.05) but differences were found between the communities (ANOSIM, R global?=?0.873) in relation to the days of the experiment. However, the LG2.5 treatment had higher diversity and lower species dominance, as well as higher productivity and final shrimp weight. The results indicate that seaweed inhibit phytoplankton growth, mainly of toxic species. They suggest that phytoplankton composition in integrated aquaculture systems in the presence of seaweed at a density of 2.5?kg m^?3 is more diversified and provides better water quality and shrimp performance by inhibiting the abundance of harmful species.     

漓江桂林市区段夏季浮游植物群落特征与水质评价

浮游植物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,其群落结构变化与水体环境条件密切相关,能直接影响水生态系统的功能,是水环境质量优劣的重要指示因子之一。为揭示漓江流域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水质的相互关系,2012年8月对漓江桂林市区段干流（桂林赵家桥村至桂林王家村）的理化指标及浮游植物的群落组成分布进行了分析研究,并结合水体理化指标和生物指数对漓江水质进行了评价。结果表明,漓江水体高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷、氨氮的变化范围依次为1.80-6.20、1.12-2.68、0.022-0.282、0.34-1.73 mg·L-1,其含量在上游变化平稳,到三条支流汇入处大幅增高,最高值均出现在南溪河入口处。共调查到浮游植物7门60属128种,其中硅藻50种（占种类组成的39.06%）,绿藻52种（占40.63%）,蓝藻16种（占12.50%）,裸藻7种（占5.47%）,黄藻、金藻和甲藻各1种（分别占0.78%）。优势种依次为冠盘藻（S. tephanodiscus）、蛋白核小球藻（C. pyrenoidosa）、喙头舟形藻（N.rhynchocephala）、短小舟形藻（N.exigua）、广缘小环藻（C.Bodanica）、四尾栅藻（S.quadricanda）和肘状针杆藻（S. ulna）。浮游植物密度为10.3×10^4-1047.0×10^4ind.·L^-1,平均密度为474.7×10^4 ind.·L^-1,其中密度最小的是赵家桥村,密度最大的是南溪河入口;种类上绿藻门占据多数,密度和优势种分布上以硅藻居多,总体上属于硅藻-绿藻型水体。浮游植物多样性指数Shannon-Wiener指数（H）在1.60-4.27之间,Simpson指数（D）在2.24-12.74之间,水质总体上为清洁-轻度污染。Margalef指数（d）在1.85-4.23之间,Pielou指数（J）在0.40-0.83之间,指数值总体较高,漓江水体中浮游植物群落结构比较稳定,受外界环境的影响较小。漓江干流水质总体上属于Ⅱ-Ⅲ类水体,在支流汇入处理化指标浓度增加,浮游植物多样性指     

茂名近岸海域中、小型浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

近年来,随着茂名经济迅猛发展及涉海工程建设,其近海海域遭到日益严重的污染,海域环境日趋恶化。为更好地了解茂名近岸海域中小型浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,摸清中小型浮游动物的种类组成及其空间分布状况,保护近岸海域生物多样性,分别于2019年夏季(6月)和秋季(9月)对茂名近海浮游动物进行调查。调查共发现浮游动物52种,以桡足类为主(达到40种,占比76.92%)。秋季浮游动物平均丰度和平均生物量(分别为29.82 ind·m^-3和282.08 mg·m^-3)均高于夏季(分别为15.71×10³ ind·m^-3和110.23 mg·m^-3)。短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)、小长腹剑水蚤(Oithona nana)、强额拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)为茂名近岸海域春、夏季优势种。夏季和秋季浮游植物物种多样性指数平均值分别为3.06和2.69,丰富度指数平均值分别为3.65和3.38,均匀度指数平均值分别为0.71和0.66。运用BIO-ENV方法分析了浮游动物群落结构以及与浮游植物丰度、环境因子之间的关系,结果表明浮游植物丰度、溶解氧、盐度、水温、水深是影响夏季浮游动物群落的主要环境因子,水深、浮游植物丰度是影响秋季浮游动物群落的主要环境因子。     

太湖浮游植物群落结构及其与水质指标间的关系

为了探讨太湖浮游植物群落结构时空分布特征、以及太湖浮游植物群落指标与水质指标间的关系,于2013年1月─2013年12月对太湖7个点位浮游植物群落结构和水质指标（水温、透明度、pH、溶解氧、电导率、总氮、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氟化物、生化需氧量、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、溶解性磷酸盐和叶绿素a）进行月度调查,研究其浮游植物群落结构和湖泊水质的时空分布;并利用Pearson相关性分析浮游植物密度、浮游植物多样性与水质指标间的关系;找出影响太湖浮游植物群落结构的主要水质指标。结果表明：太湖7个点位共获得124种浮游植物物种,其中蓝藻门（Cyanophyta）30种、绿藻门（Bacillariophyta）47种、硅藻门（Chlorophyta）34种、隐藻门（Cryptophyta）3种、裸藻门（Euglenophyta）6种和甲藻门（Dinoflagellate）4种;其中蓝藻门的微囊藻属（Microcystis spp.）为绝对优势种群,优势度为80.8%;太湖浮游植物总密度与蓝藻门密度呈极显著正相关（r=1.000,P＜0.0001）;绿藻门和硅藻门占浮游植物总密度百分比分别和蓝藻门占浮游植物总密度百分比呈极显著负相关（r=-0.497,P＜0.0001;r=-0.814,P＜0.0001）。太湖7个点位水质首要污染物为总氮,其次是总磷和化学需氧量;西太湖污染物浓度最高。从空间上看,太湖浮游植物总密度最高值出现在贡湖湾（远离其入湖口处）,且贡湖湾浮游植物群落多样性相对低于太湖其他点位,同时贡湖湾微囊藻属密度百分比达90.1%,远高于太湖其他点位;从时间上看,太湖浮游植物总密度最高值出现在12月份、其次是6月份;通过浮游植物群落指标与水质指标相关性分析,水温、透明度、总氮、化学需氧量、叶绿素a是影响太湖浮游植物群落结构的主要水质指标。控制太湖入湖口水质污染物浓度排放和修?     

Seasonal succession and diversity of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lagoon (Liman lake)

The seasonal succession, composition and diversity of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lagoon (Liman lake) were studied between January 2002 and November 2003. Samples were collected from surface water and deeper (1 m depth) at stations and species diversity (Shannon-Weaver, H) and evenness were calculated. Shannon Diversty was similar at Station 1 and Station 2. Minimum and maximum diversity values (0.101 and 0.765 bits. mm3) were recorded in June and July 2003 at Station 2. Cluster analysis and NMDS (Non metric multidimensial scaling) were applied to the phytoplankton community. The lagoon exhibits high conductivity (7211-10757 microScm(-1)), mean temperature of 17.7 degrees C, varying concentrations of dissolved oxygen (3.3-8.4 mg l(-1)). Light, temperature, rainfall, turbidity and salinity were expected to be the main factors affecting the seasonal succession. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton were similar at surface water and 1 m depth. A total of 130 taxa belonging to Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta, Xantophyta, Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta divisions were identified. Pseudanabaena limnetica, Kirchneriella obesa, Kirchneriella lunaris, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Ankistrodesmus spiralis were highly represented.     

深圳湾浮游植物的季节变化

2008年2月至11月对深圳湾的浮游植物和理化环境因子进行了4个季度月的调查,结果共检出浮游植物150种（包括变种和变型）：春季66种、夏季72种、秋季54种、冬季50种,其中硅藻门36属108种,甲藻门14属36种,绿藻门3属3种,蓝藻门2属3种。优势种共有湖沼圆筛藻Coscinodiscus lacustris、中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum、夜光藻Noctiluca scientillans 3种：春季1种、夏季1种、秋季1种、冬季2种,优势种群由春夏季的湖沼圆筛藻演替至秋季的中肋骨条藻、冬季的中肋骨条藻和夜光藻,没有全年广布优势种;4季均出现的种类共有9种,其中硅藻8种,甲藻1种,各季节间共有种类数在13～31种,Jaccard种类相似性指数范围在0.12~0.35,季节更替明显。多样性指数和均匀度的变化范围分别为0.006~1.724和0.001~0.306,群落结构较脆弱。细胞密度在1.25×107~217.90×107 cells.m-3,夏季最高,春季次之,冬季最低,属季节单峰型变化,与一般亚热带春、秋季出现密度高峰不一致,这与深圳湾陆源营养物质的扰动有关,其无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量均劣于国家海水水质标准的四类水,因此,该海域水质营养类型属于亚热带富营养型。细胞密度与硅酸盐呈极显著的负相关,相关系数为-0.446（p〈0.01,n=36,双尾）,与水温呈显著的正相关,相关系数为0.371（p〈0.05,n=36,双尾）,与其他因子的相关性不明显。从优势种的种类数和多样性指数分析,深圳湾浮游植物的群落结构已趋于单一化,生态系统抗干扰能力极为脆弱。     

The development of a multi-species algal ecodynamic model for urban surface water systems and its application

An ecodynamic model that can simulate four phytoplankton species has been developed to deal with the unique characteristics of urban river systems which has manmade river profile, flow controlled by gates, severe eutrophication status, and fragile aquatic ecosystem. The ecodynamic model was developed referencing two typical models: the water quality simulation model WASP and ecological model CAEDYM. The model can simulate 11 state variables: dissolved oxygen, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus and four phytoplankton species with zooplankton as a boundary condition. The ecodynamic model was applied to Sihai section of the Beijing urban river system, where serious algal blooms broke out in recent years. The dominant phytoplankton species are Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cryptophyta. Site-specific data on geometry, meteorology, pollution sources, and existing ecosystem parameters were collected and used for model calibration and verification The model results mimic observed trends of water quality and phytoplankton species succession and can be used for forecasting algal blooms as well as assessment of river management measures.     

三唑酮对大型溞21天慢性毒性效应

三唑类杀菌剂是一种在农业上广泛应用的广谱性杀菌剂。三唑类杀菌剂在农田施用后能够向土壤深处迁移和扩散,从而污染土壤和地下水体,因此三唑类杀菌剂对土壤生态环境能够造成一定的破坏。选择三唑酮为研究对象,参照经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Developement,OECD)标准方法研究三唑酮对大型溞的慢性毒性效应。21d慢性毒性研究结果表明,大型溞繁殖指标-内禀增长率是对三唑酮最为敏感的毒性参数。其慢性毒性下限值(LCL)和慢性毒性上限值(UCL)分别为40和80μg·L-1。三唑酮对于第2代大型溞,染毒的影响比对第1代的影响更大。对第2代恢复的大型溞除了第1次产卵数没有显著性差异,其他指标都有所变化,这说明毒物被转移到子代中。