微生物对生化需氧量测定结果的影响

水中有机物性质及微生物活性是影响生化反应的关键因素。在水质条件一定的情况下,探讨不同接种液带来的微生物差异对生化需氧量(BOD)的影响。测定了空白样、废水驯化接种液、河流污水接种液、土壤浸出液接种液4组样品,实验结果显示3种不同接种液接种同种稀释水,测得BOD_5的差距较大,而同一种接种液所测得的BOD_5差距非常小;测定了空白样、河流污水接种液、土壤浸出液接种液BOD_5,结果表明河流污水的微生物比土壤浸出液的微生物更具有可生化性。     

奎河污水可生化性研究

详细阐述了废水可生化性的评价及测试方法。采集奎河断面污水,分析测定其化学耗氧量(CODCr)和生化需氧量(BOD5)。用BOD5/CODCr比值评价其污水的可生化性,并应用瓦勃氏呼吸仪测定生化呼吸线和相对耗氧速率与时间关系的曲线作进一步分析,结果表明:奎河污水是可生化的。这为城市污水处理厂选择污水处理方法提供理论依据。     

造纸废水BOD5稀释系数的确定

在测定废水中的BOD5时 ,稀释系数是重要的物理参数 ,不分废水种类而通用一组稀释系数是不合理的 ,对于不同种类的废水应有不同的BOD5稀释系数     

五日生化需氧量(BOD5)测定方法探讨

本文针对GB／T7488-1987《水质五日生化需氧量(BOD5)稀释与接种法》中BOD5的测定和计算时接种稀释水的空白扣除方法，提出了直接测接种液的BOD5值，按接种液的比例在水样中进行扣除的方法，提高了BOD5值的准确性。更能反应BOD5的真实性。     

水质的生化需氧量(BOD5)稀释与接种法测定结果不确定度评定

在实际工作中，运用测量过程的合并样本标准差来评定A类不确定度比较客观。本文根据JJF1059—1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》，通过实例，阐述了用稀释接种法测定水中生化需氧量不确定度的评定方法。     

水温对生化需氧量测定值的影响

经过试验发现了水样中生化需氧量测定值偏低的问题,提出了解决的方法,强调了水样温度的重要性。     

石化企业含盐废水处理技术应用进展

针对石化企业生产过程中所产生的不同来源含盐废水的特点,重点阐述了碱渣废水和循环冷却排污水的工业化分质处理方法。碱渣废水经WAO、QBR等技术预处理后,能够满足污水厂进水要求。循环冷却排污水通过以电渗析、反渗透为主体的工艺处理后,可以直接回用于循环冷却水补水或锅炉用水。同时总结了目前污水处理厂含盐废水处理工艺,并对生化单元运行中存在的问题进行分析,提出了提高进水可生化性、选择合适处理工艺、优化处理设施、驯化培养适宜微生物以及稳定进水水质的建议。     

炼油厂活性污泥膨胀控制措施

生化法对进水的有机物负荷要求比较严格,当进水条件突变时,易使活性污泥中毒而失去活性,并发生污泥膨胀。而炼油废水受生产情况的影响,水质、水量变化很大,因此使得生化处理设施的运行很不利,时常发生污泥膨胀,使污泥沉降性能恶化。针对这一问题,分析了造成污泥膨胀的机理和水质情况,并提出了相应的控制措施。     

河流水团追踪监测实验设计

一、引言河流污染的数学模型广泛应用于环境质量评价,水污染的综合治理,水质管理规划及水质予测予报。数学模型中的生化耗氧速率,大气复氧速率,生化耗氧量的沉淀和悬浮系数,氮化合物的硝化速率等各项参数的测定和估计是建立水质数学模型的主要工作内容之一。     

生化需氧量的差压式测定方法的研究

本文研究了用差压式直读测定实验装置测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的方法，验证了用该新技术测定ＢＯＤ５的可行性。该方法操作简单、直观性好，简化了大量烦琐操作并可连续测定。经对水样分析并用标准稀释法的分析结果加以比较，获得良好的效果。     

EFFECTS OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON THE QUALITY OF WHITE RIVER,INDIANA1

ABSTRACT: In 1983, the City of Indianapolis, Indiana, completed construction of advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) systems to enlarge and upgrade its existing Belmont Road and South port Road secondary treatment plants. A nonparametric statistical procedure, a modified form of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, was used to test for trends in water quality at two upstream and two downstream sites on White River and at the two treatment plants. Results comparing the pre- (1978–1980) and post- (1983–1986) AWT periods show statistically significant improvements in the quality of the treated effluent and of the White River downstream from the plants. Water quality at sites upstream from the city was relatively constant during the period of study. Total ammonia (as N) decreased 14.6 mg/L and BOD₅ (five-day biochemical oxygen demand) decreased 10 to 19 mg/L in the two effluents. Total ammonia in the river downstream from the plants decreased 0.8 to 1.9 mg/L and BOD₅ decreased 2.3 to 2.5 mg/L. Nitrate (as N) increased 14.5 mg/L in the plant effluents and 2.0 to 2.4 mg/L in the river because of in-plant nitrification. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the river increased about 3 mg/L because of reduced oxygen demand for nitrification and biochemical oxidation processes.     

生化处理技术在含油污水处理中的应用

文章阐述了油田含油污水生化处理技术概况、主要制约因素以及生物降解机理;论述了温度、pH值及溶解氧等主要因素对生化处理效果的影响,并给出了对应的最适宜运行参数;经过与传统重力沉降处理工艺比较,总结污水生化处理的技术特点及适用范围;另外介绍了吐哈油田分公司雁木西油田含油污水生化处理技术的工艺流程、主要构筑物及运行参数。运行结果表明,处理后的水质达到行业回注标准SY/T 5329-94《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》中的A2标准。     

TraK装置测定废水中的BOD_5

在对废水中的BOD5进行常规分析时,采用化学稀释法操作繁琐,对稀释倍数估计易发生错误。而利用TraK装置测试样品时,无须进行稀释和化学分析。用该装置对标准样品BOD5的测定结果表明:准确度相对误差为-3.3%～4.3%,精密度的相对误差为-3.5%～5.6%。该仪器测试性能可靠,数据准确度、精密度合格。与化学法对照分析表明,相对误差都在容许范围内,即在可接受范围内。     

DEOXYGENATION IN NATURAL STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: Deoxygenation process in which carbonaceous BOD is biochemically oxidized to reduced inorganic compounds is of great significance in the oxygen demand of stream waters. The BOD decay rate traditionally determined in a laboratory might not necessarily be the same as estimated for a natural stream. The variation in biochemical activity could occur due to differences in adsorption, dispersion, and biophysical processes taking place in the two environments. The first stage biochemical oxygen demand and benthal oxygen demand that occur simultaneously in a stream, have been considered together to calculate the gross rate of deoxygenation in polluted waters. The available data on deoxygenation measurements has been analyzed in this study to calculate the carbonaceous BOD rate constants in natural streams. The analysis indicates that the dimensionless deoxygenation parameter is a function of the ratio of the Reynolds number and Froude number of flow. The functional relationship between these two parameters essentially follows a straight line on a log-log plot. The applicability of the relationship does not depend upon the volume of the organic load, size, or location of the stream.     

瓦勃氏呼吸仪测定乐果合成废水的可生化性

本文概述了瓦勃氏呼吸仪测定有机污染物的可生化性的基本原理和方法。通过测定用乐果合成废水驯化后的微生物的生化呼吸线和相对耗氧速度曲线,结果表明:乐果合成废水是有毒的,但是完全可以被特异驯化后的微生物所降解;其降解速度与时间和废水所含污染物的浓度有关。     

AN ANALYSIS OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN THE UPPER ILLINOIS WATERWAY1

ABSTRACT: During the summer of 1971 about 150 water samples were examined for total and fecal coliform bacteria in the Upper Illinois Waterway at 19 river stations. The data per station were found to be normal geometric distributed. Bacteria densities changed with sampling dates and generally decreased with water movement downstream. Several sewage treatment effluents made marked pulses along the bacterial die-off curves. The observed fecal coliform results were evaluated in terms of the Illinois Pollution Control Board's standards. The FC:TC ratio on the waterway for each station were presented. Using Chick's Law, coliforms death rates were estimated. Efforts to correlate observed total and fecal densities with temperature, flow, algal densities, dissolved oxygen, and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand were not successful. (KEY TERMS: algae; biochemical oxygen demand; coliform bacteria; dissolved oxygen; flow; stream survey; temperature; water pollution; water quality standards)     

Simplified DO sag models for rapid BOD removal

Predictive models for dissolved oxygen deficit have been developed based on an exponential form of expression for the equivalent linear removal of the settleable component of biochemical oxygen demand. These models are more convenient to use than other models because they are applicable for any distance from the outfall and for point and non-point wastewater discharge conditions.     

序批式活性污泥法在炼油化工废水处理中的应用

炼油化工废水处理的传统处理工艺中存在一定的弊端。为此,玉门炼油化工总厂对其废水处理设施进行了改建和扩建,其生物处理系统采用了序批式活性污泥法处理工艺。经过 3年运行的结果表明:该系统运行效果良好,处理后的水质可达到《GB8978-1996》(石化)一级排放标准的要求;化学需氧量(COD)和生化需氧量(BOD)分别降低78.6%和91.2%,硫化物去除率为98.2%,挥发酚去除率为99.6%。而且该反应器具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,进水中COD在600 mg/L以下且有大幅度波动时,该系统仍可稳定地运行,处理后的水可达标排放。     

OREGON WATER QUALITY INDEX A TOOL FOR EVALUATING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS1

ABSTRACT: The Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) is a single number that expresses water quality by integrating measurements of eight water quality variables (temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, ammonia+nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total solids, and fecal coliform). Its purpose is to provide a simple and concise method for expressing the ambient water quality of Oregon's streams for general recreational use, including fishing and swimming. The OWQI, originally developed in the 1970s, has been updated based upon improved understanding about water quality behavior. This report describes the historical basis of the OWQI and defines the improved design of the present OWQI. The index allows users to easily interpret data and relate overall water quality variation to variations in specific categories of impairment. This report demonstrates the value of the OWQI in presenting spatial and temporal water quality information. The OWQI improves comprehension of general water quality issues, communicates water quality status, and illustrates the need for and effectiveness of protective practices.     

沱江富顺段水质分析及污染状况研究

为了解沱江富顺段水质情况,采用相应的国家标准方法对沱江水体的氮、磷、化学需氧量、生化需氧量等指标进行监测。3个监测断面TN、TP的平均浓度分别为3．31mg／L、0．247mg／L,其中TN含量超标3倍以上,TP含量超过标准的1．2倍,建议相关部门应在河流平水期和枯水期严格控制氮、磷的排放,可通过调高工业废水、污水处理厂氮、磷排放标准,缓解沱江氮、磷污染程度。