一株利用生物柴油废水产氢的光合菌的筛选、鉴定

从37株光合细菌中筛选出1株能够利用甘油做碳源进行有效产氢的菌株(DB803).根据该菌株的形态、生理生化特征、16S rDNA序列和ERIC-PCR结果分析,初步鉴定该菌株为类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides).研究了该菌株在30℃, 4000lx光照厌氧条件下利用不同浓度的生物柴油废水产氢的能力,当培养基起始COD浓度为11.5g/L时,其在对数生长期平均产氢速度为38mL/(L·h),同时,废水COD去除率达91.2%.     

Mg2+ improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg²⁺ under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg²⁺ dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L, and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg²⁺ could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg²⁺ is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials (biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg²⁺, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

Mg2+ improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria(PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg2+under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg2+dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L,and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg2+could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg2+is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials(biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg2+, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

Mg improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg^2 + under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg^2 + dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L, and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg^2 + could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg^2 + is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials (biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg^2 +, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.     

Enhanced biohydrogen generation from organic wastewater containing NH 4+ by phototrophic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides AR-3

NH₄⁺ is typically an inhibitor to hydrogen production from organic wastewater by photo-bacteria. In this experiment, biohydrogen generation with wild-type anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroideswas found to be sensitive to NH₄⁺ due to the significant inhibition of NH₄⁺ to its nitrogenase. In order to avoid the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to biohydrogen generation by R. sphaeroides, a glutamine auxotrophic mutant R. sphaeroides AR-3 was obtained by mutagenizing with ethyl methane sulfonate. The AR-3 mutant could generate biohydrogen efficiently in the hydrogen production medium with a higher NH₄⁺ concentration, because the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to nitrogenase of AR-3 was released. Under suitable conditions, AR-3 effectively produced biohydrogen from tofu wastewater, which normally contains 50–60 mg/L NH₄⁺, with an average generation rate of 14.2 mL/L·h. This generation rate was increased by more than 100% compared with that from wild-type R. sphaeroides.     

一株霉菌净化淀粉废水的研究

从人参种植基地土壤中筛选、分离得到一株霉菌A1。以模拟淀粉废水作为处理对象,考察各种因素对A1菌去除废水中COD的影响作用,实验结果表明:不经灭菌的模拟废水中接种霉菌A1,在30℃,摇床转速160r/min,初始pH值为中性条件下培养5d,处理净化后废水COD去除率可达97.5%。     

一株造纸废水降解菌的分离、鉴定及特性研究

将不同稀释倍数的造纸废水接种在细菌培养基上,培养2 d后采用划线法分离,然后采用琼脂块培养法,把每一个长满单菌落的琼脂块分别接种到选择培养基中,选取COD降解能力最大的作为目标菌株,最后从造纸废水初始浓度、温度、pH值、接种量、降解时间等方面讨论了该菌株对造纸综合废水的降解特性。结果表明:所筛得的目标降解菌ZH3菌体直径为(0.6～0.8)μm×(1.4～2.4)μm,杆状,有数根鞭毛,无芽孢,为革兰氏阴性菌,初步鉴定该菌属产碱假单胞菌,该菌降解造纸综合废水的适宜条件为废水初始COD浓度为500 mg/L,温度为30～35℃,pH为7.0,接种量为10%,降解时间为48 h。     

高效产絮凝剂Pseudomonas alcaligenes培养条件优化及应用研究

以筛选出的一株高效絮凝剂产生菌产碱假单胞菌PS-25为试验菌种,采用单因素试验方法确定最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为黄豆饼粉。采用正交试验设计方法,对该菌产絮凝剂的培养条件进行优化研究,得到最佳培养条件是:碳源为葡萄糖(20.0g/L)、氮源为黄豆饼粉(4.0g/L)、培养基初始pH值为6.5、培养温度为30℃、接种量5%(V/V)、通气量为160r/min。在最佳培养条件下,PS-25产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液絮凝率达95.77%,且对多种实际废水都有较好的净化效果,其中对浊度的去除率均在91%以上,对色度的去除率均在80%以上,对废水中COD的去除率为54.25%～90.33%。     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株GNR选育及对猪场废水脱氮实验

从养猪场废水中分离获得l株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌,编号为GNR,经形态学及系统发育鉴定,确定为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)的新菌株.通过条件优化实验获得菌株GNR的异养硝化和好氧反硝化的最佳碳源均为柠檬酸三钠,最佳C/N均为10∶1,最佳初始pH分别为8.0和6.0.在最优条件下,初始NH4+-N和NO3-...     

高效产絮凝剂荧光假单胞菌C-2培养条件优化应用

以筛选出的一株高效产絮凝剂荧光假单胞菌C-2为菌种,采用单因素试验方法确定最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为黄豆饼粉。采用正交试验设计方法,对该菌产絮凝剂的培养条件进行优化研究,结果表明:菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件是碳源为葡萄糖(20.0g/L),氮源为黄豆饼粉(4.0g/L),培养温度为30℃,培养基初始pH值为8.0,通气量为160r/min,在此培养条件下,对高岭土悬浊液絮凝率达93.52%。最佳培养条件下产生的絮凝剂用于多种实际废水的净化,其中对色度和浊度的去除率均在80%以上,对COD的去除率为52.67%～85.22%。     

光源、氮源和碳源对紫色非硫细菌生长特性的影响

紫色非硫细菌（PNSB）能在厌氧光照条件下将污水中的氨氮、有机物和磷同化到细菌体内用于合成蛋白质等细胞物质,而不是转化为CO₂和N₂.为了优化PNSB的生长条件,以沼泽红假单胞菌为研究对象,考察了光源、氮源和碳源类型对PNSB生长的影响.结果表明厌氧红外光条件下PNSB的生长速率约是白炽灯条件下的3倍;PNSB对氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）的利用速率最快,同时也可利用硝态氮（NO₃^--N）,亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）;PNSB对乙酸钠的利用速率最快,其次是葡萄糖,最难利用的是淀粉,主要归因于大分子有机物需要水解酸化后才能被PNSB吸收利用.厌氧红外光条件下PNSB处理城市污水具有较好的应用前景.     

乳化液废水湿式氧化后SBR处理研究

研究了乳化液废水湿式氧化前后的可生化性和生物毒性变化,并考察了SBR工艺处理湿式氧化后的乳化液废水的效果.实验证明,乳化液废水(COD＝48 000 mg/L) BOD₅/COD (B/C)为0.072 3,相当于0.120 mg/L氯化汞毒性,属难生化的高浓度有机废水.经湿式氧化处理后,B/C显著上升,温度越高,B/C上升幅度越大,生物毒性降低越多.在220℃和240℃湿式氧化后生物毒性分别降低18.3%和50.8%.SBR对220℃湿式氧化出水具有良好地处理效果,并有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,当进水COD为1 500～3 000 mg/L时,COD去除率为94.6%～96.1%,进水COD为2 000 mg/L时,出水COD平均为96.0 mg/L.WAO-SBR处理乳化液废水具有良好的开发前景.     

Alternating nitrification-denitrification via nitrite for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater by SBR with real-time control

A novel treating technology for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater was studied. The process for nitrogen removal was achieved by alternating aeration and mixing, combined with real\|time control strategies. Results showed that the COD and total nitrogen removal rates are more than 90% and 92% at COD and total nitrogen loads of 1.0-1.2 kg COD/(kgMLSS·d) and 0.20-0.27 kg TN/(kgMLSS·d), respectively. In addition, it could improve sludge settling property. SVI value is less than 70 g/ml during the whole cycles. The method not only may be adapted to treat soybean wastewater with high nitrogen, but also may be applied to treat other high nitrogen wastewater.     

Chemical oxygen demand reduction in coffee wastewater through chemical flocculation and advanced oxidation processes

The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.     

酸化大豆蛋白废水的厌氧处理

对有机质浓度高,成分单一,蛋白质、总氮浓度较高,易酸化,且已酸化程度较高的大豆蛋白废水,确定以新型内循环厌氧反应池为主的处理工艺,在原废水ρ(COD)为11809~15040mg/L时,总出水浓度192~350mg/L,去除率达到96.2%~97.5%。新的内循环厌氧反应池具有高度小、结构简单、污染物去除率高的特征,COD运行负荷达6.0~7.5kg/(m3.d),COD去除率达88%~93%。当COD运行负荷5.0~7.0kg/(m3.d)时,该池内循环管道形成了连续的较强内回流。     

油田作业废水臭氧化处理技术的实验研究

针对油田作业废水(COD)高、难降解的特点,探讨了废水的pH、COD初始浓度、臭氧投加量和臭氧化时间等因素对油田作业废水的COD去除效果的影响。结果表明,臭氧化对油田作业废水COD去除效果影响的主要因素为废水pH、废水的COD和臭氧投加量;当废水的COD为1064.0mg/L、pH为3.0、臭氧投加量为10g/L时,废水的COD去除率达到69.1%;臭氧化处理对低浓度油田作业废水的COD去除效果低于其对高浓度废水的处理效果。     

曝气时间对模拟豆制品废水处理效果影响

大豆营养丰富,保健功能强,其蛋白质含量高达36%以上,而胆固醇含量极低,因此已成为人们摄取植物性蛋白的主要来源之一。为了提高国民素质,根据《中国食物结构改革与发展纲要》,中国己于1996年9月正式启动了大豆行动计划,发展大豆生产,积极引导消费,鼓励国民特别是中小学生饮用豆奶,食用豆制品。随着大豆计划的实施,豆制品生产的供与求将越来越大,相应地其废水排放量也越来越大,因此豆制品废水的处理显得十分紧迫[1-4],采用厌氧好氧法处理模拟豆制品废水,考察曝气时间对厌氧处理后废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:进水COD为420 mg/L～580 mg/L,对废水中的COD、NH4+-N、PO34--P有较好的去除能力。该系统运行稳定,工艺可行。     

聚甲醛废水的生物强化处理及微生物种群动态分析

聚甲醛工业废水含有甲醛、三聚甲醛和酚类等有害物,而且盐分和COD也较高,很难实现生物处理至达标排放.在聚甲醛污水厂建立中试系统并接种活性污泥,同时投加了经筛选的三聚甲醛降解菌Bacillus methylotrophicus和甲醛降解菌Candida maltosa、Pseudomonsa putida组成的复合菌剂,进行了聚甲醛、甲醛等有毒物质的选择性生物强化,通过温度梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-TGGE)技术对污水反应器进行了微生物群落结构分析,并与污水厂同期出水进行对照研究.结果表明,在投加复合菌剂的强化生物系统中,最终出水的甲醛、三聚甲醛(Trioxane,TOX)和COD降解率分别在97.8%、94.2%和92.6%以上,且系统表现出更高稳定性和抗冲击负荷能力.PCR-TGGE图谱表明,非生物强化系统中未检测到B.methylotrophicus,而该菌在生物强化系统中的活性一直得以维持,其对有毒物质的持续降解解除了其它微生物群落的抑制因子,污泥活性有效增强,说明该菌及复合菌剂确实对TOX及甲醛等毒性物质可有效降解,选择性生物强化可成为工业污水处理的可靠手段之一.     

基于活性污泥模型的污水COD组分划分方案研究

活性污泥数学模型(ASM)在污水处理厂的成功应用与进水组分的正确划分密切相关.从标准化和定量化的角度利用3个批式试验开发了COD组分划分方案及Matlab计算程序.该方案在上海2个污水处理厂的测定结果表明,曲阳污水厂进水COD中含有8.1%±1.6%的易生物降解组分SS、6.3%±2.2%的溶解性惰性组分SI、45.5%±3.5%的慢速生物降解组分XS、31.1%±2.1%的颗粒性惰性组分XI和9.0%±1.1%的异养菌组分XH.而白龙港污水厂进水COD中含有11.1%±2.2%的SS、9.9%±2.0%的SI、38.9%±10.7%的XS、23.3%±9.8%的XI和16.9%±1.8%的XH.与曲阳污水厂相比,白龙港污水厂进水COD中XS和XI含量偏低,而XH/COD值则明显偏高,表明长距离管道输送会显著影响COD组分浓度.     

Alternating shortcut nitrification-denitrification for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater by SBR with real-time control

A novel treating technology for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater was studied. The process for nitrogen removal was achieved by alternating aeration and mixing, combined with real-time control strategies.Results showed that the COD and total nitrogen removal rates are more than 90% and 92% at COD and total nitrogen loads of 1.0- 1.2 kg COD/(kgMLSS. d) and 0.20- 0.27 kg TN/(kgMLSS. d), respectively. In addition, it could improve sludge settling property. SVl value is less than 70 g/ml during the whole cycles. The method not only may be adapted to treat soybean wastewater with high nitrogen, but also may be applied to treat other high nitrogen wastewater.