右江百色水库下游断面低溶解氧形成原因分析

广西右江东笋断面溶解氧(DO)呈现5—11月浓度较低,12月及1—4月浓度较高的变化规律。从水温、藻类呼吸、沉积物耗氧、有机物耗氧、上游来水等方面分析了东笋断面低DO形成的原因。结果表明,5—11月东笋断面DO浓度较低,主要是受夏季高温和水利工程运行等非污染型因素的影响。右江流域夏秋季水温较高,限制了水体DO浓度的上限。热分层现象导致百色水库中层水体DO浓度较低,而水利枢纽发电时的下泄水正是中层水体,因此,下泄水DO浓度低是导致5—11月东笋断面DO浓度低的主要原因。东笋河段沉积物和有机物耗氧对DO浓度的影响很小,藻类呼吸作用对DO浓度的影响有限。     

地表水中BOD5的快速预测

应用日常监测地表水得到的大量BOD5、IMn和DO数值,根据最小二乘法原理,可寻求地表水中BOD,与IMn、BOD5与DO的一次线性函数关系,并建立直线回归方程。由此通过短时间内测定地表水中UMn。或在现场使用溶解氧测定仪测定的DO,以及其已建立的直线回归方程,可快速预测地表水中的BOD5。     

海水BOD自动测定仪

适用于淡水的BOD测定仪已经成型,海水盐度高,BOD浓度低,测定仪样品传输及测量的精度和微生物传感器菌种的耐盐性,给构建海水BOD自动测定仪带来困难.以溶解氧电极微生物传感器法为基础,依据海水BOD测定的技术特点,分析样品传输系统、恒温系统和信号采集与处理系统的技术要求,并筛选耗氧耐盐菌种作为微生物传感器的菌株,构建了海水BOD测定仪.用该测定仪测定海水标样,测定结果与标准稀释法测定的BOD5具有良好的相关性和准确度.     

内陆水环境污染监测的多时相遥感信息模型

介绍了遥感水质监测的基本原理,对遥感技术在水质监测领域的国内外发展现状进行了归纳分析,并论述了建立多时相、通用型内陆水环境污染遥感监测模型的可行性,最后以湘江长沙段为研究区域,创建了适用于DO、CODCr、CODMn、BOD和TN的水污染遥感因子和相应的多时相遥感信息模型。     

淀山湖水质状况及富营养化评价

对2001年—2007年淀山湖水质监测结果进行了分析和评价。结果表明,淀山湖的水质均未达到Ⅱ类水质标准,主要超标项目为氨氮、TP、TN、石油类、IMn、COD和BOD5。综合营养状态指数为60.79～63.57,均处于中度富营养状态,chla与石油类和透明度具有很好的相关性,与TP具有较好的负相关性,与BOD5具有一定的负相关性,与水温、DO、IMn、COD、氨氮、TN的相关性不显著。chla季节变化较为明显。     

BOD5样品稀释度对测定结果的影响

1选取合适的样品稀释度是提高 BOD5分析结果准确度的关键。实验结果表明 ,最合适的样品稀释度所对应的培养液耗氧率为 43%～ 67%。 2根据环境监测的特点 ,建议采用下述 BOD5分析数据处理及结果表述方法 :选取耗氧率为 30 %～70 %的培养水样作为 BOD5测定结果 ,若有几种稀释度均在所要求区间 ,取其平均值 ;如果培养水样均不在所要求区间 ,则取其与 30 %或 70 %相差较小的水样作为 BOD5测定结果。 BOD分析报告 ,应同时报告样品稀释度和培养液溶解氧消耗率BOD_5样品稀释度对测定结果的影响@唐文天$荆州市环境监测站!湖北沙市434000 …     

石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs污染特征分析

为弄清石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的污染特征,采用美国环保局TO-15方法对石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs组成进行了定性和定量分析。在此基础上,进行了VOCs的月度变化分析、春节期间的变化分析,并进行了VOCs与空气质量指数AQI、PM2.5等之间的相关性分析;根据VOCs组成及变化情况和相关性,分析了其可能的来源。结果表明,石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的质量浓度为145.7~1 410.7μg/m3,VOCs组分主要有丙酮、二氯甲烷、苯、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、1,2-二氯丙烷、三氯甲烷。春节期间,大气中VOCs的浓度有大幅的下降,比日常均值下降了40.9%。AQI较高时,大气中VOCs浓度有所升高。石家庄市冬季大气中丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等主要来源于医药化工生产活动,苯、甲苯主要来源于煤燃烧。     

A2/O工艺脱氮除磷运行效果分析

采用统计学方法对新疆某污水处理厂A2/O工艺进行进水水质数据分析,发现数据存在严重自相关现象,运用主成分消除法和岭回归消除法以消除自相关性。结果表明：TN和TP是污水厂提标改造的关键;碳源匮乏和缺氧区存在溶解氧(DO)是TN去除不佳的主要原因;适当提高污泥浓度(MLSS)和水力停留时间(HRT)是强化TP去除的措施;温度是影响脱氮除磷的主要因素。将温度模型与自相关磷模型相结合,可提高磷模型精度,有利于出水TP的预测。降低DO、增加外碳源,控制MLSS为3 500 mg/L~4 500 mg/L、HRT为5.4 h~8.0 h、厌氧区和好氧区DO为0.3 mg/L和2 mg/L、污泥龄（SRT）为11 d~12 d,可提升工艺脱氮除磷效果。     

成都市大气能见度变化特征及影响因子研究

利用MICAPS 2008—2011年地面观测资料,分析了成都市区大气能见度的变化特征。以2009年成都地区一次低能见度天气过程为例,分析大气能见度与各气象要素的变化关系,讨论影响成都市大气能见度变化的主要因素。结果表明:近年来伴随着霾天数的逐年下降,成都市区年平均大气能见度呈上升趋势,夏季平均值最高,春季次之,冬季最低。高湿和低风速是造成成都市低能见度现象的主要气象条件。PM2.5的浓度与成都市大气能见度呈显著负相关,PM2.5浓度的快速增长是造成大气能见度急剧降低的重要原因。有效降低PM2.5浓度,减少大气污染物排放,是改善成都市区大气能见度的有效途径。     

北京市大气气态汞变化特征

采用Tekran 2537X大气汞分析仪在线测量北京市城区大气中气态元素汞(GEM,简称大气汞) 浓度,研究大气汞浓度随不同气象条件的变化特征。通过分析2016年10月—2017年9月大气汞监测数据发现,该监测点全年大气汞浓度为0.48～16.25 ng/m³,均值为(3.41±1.79)ng/m³。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季大气汞浓度均值依次为2.93 、2.95、4.27、3.37 ng/m³,其中,秋季大气汞浓度明显高于其他季节 。秋季大气汞浓度显著偏高可能由不利的大气扩散条件导致。大气汞夜间浓度显著高于白天浓度。同时,将大气汞与SO₂、CO及PM_2.5进行相关性分析,发现大气汞浓度变化趋势与SO₂、CO和PM_2.5呈显著正相关。结合风向和风速进行污染来源分析,得到该点位大气汞在西南和东北方向上受人为排放源影响较大。污染源类型分析表明,冬季大气汞与CO同源性强,主要来自本地供暖用煤。     

Ecological study of river Suswa: modeling DO and BOD

In this paper limnological status of river Suswa was observed for a period of two years. A water quality Beck modified Khanna Bhutiani model (BMKB model) was developed to calculate DO (dissolved Oxygen) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand). The model was developed to calculate DO and BOD by using DO/BOD of same place and upstream in previous season which results in Single output. This model gives the seasonal value on the basis of previously taken upstream and downstream observations/concentrations of DO and BOD. The model was calibrated and verified for the water quality data (Physico-chemical data) of samples collected from river Suswa in different seasons. The model gave good agreement between data observed by it and the data observed manually, thus substantiating the validity of the model. Only minor differences were observed in physical, chemical and heavy metals of all the four sampling stations during the course of study.     

地表水中BOD 5监测时的快速估算

阐述了BOD5与溶解氧之间的相关性,提出可以通过溶解氧和水温估算BOD5值,但是,首先要建立水样稀释前溶解氧与BOD5的相关关系.举例说明了对地表水中BOD5值的估算和稀释倍数确定的应用.     

Development of Dissolved Oxygen Model for a Highly Variable Flow River: A Case Study of Ravi River in Pakistan

A framework for dissolved oxygen (DO) modeling of the Ravi River has been developed based on a combination of laboratory measurements and field and monitoring data. Both the classical Streeter-Phelps (CSP) and the modified Streeter-Phelps (MSP) models are used for DO simulations. The MSP model considers the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) and nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand (NBOD) separately, whereas the CSP model is evaluated considering only the CBOD and NBOD is incorporated in the overall BOD utilization rate. CBOD, NBOD and BOD rates have been determined through long-term BOD analysis of five main wastewater outfalls and two surface drains discharging into the Ravi River over a 98 km stretch. Analysis by Thomas Method manifests strong coefficient of determination “R²” between 0.72 and 0.98 for all the three types of BOD rates. Sensitivity analyses have also been carried out to find out a suitable reaeration rate formula for highly variable flows in the Ravi River. The CSP model results based on classical approach of considering only CBOD show significant difference between the model predictions and field measurements suggesting that NBOD needs to be incorporated for the model development. The dissolved oxygen values calculated using the MSP model and the CSP model based on overall BOD rate are in close agreement with field measurements and are thus suitable to model DO levels in the Ravi River.     

Non-steady response of BOD biosensor for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand in wastewater

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor for effective and expeditious BOD(7) estimations was constructed and the non-steady phase of the output signal was extensively studied. The modelling approach introduced allows response curve reconstruction and a curve fitting procedure of good quality, resulting in parameters indicating the relationship between response and organic substrate concentration and stability properties of the BOD biosensor. Also, the immobilization matrixes of different thicknesses were characterized to determine their suitability for bio-sensing measurements in non-stationary conditions, as well as for the determination of the mechanical durability of the BOD biosensor in time. The non-steady response of the experimental output of the BOD biosensor was fitted according to the developed model that enables to determine the stability of the biosensor output and dependency on biodegradable organic substrate concentration. The calibration range of the studied BOD biosensor in OECD synthetic wastewater was 15-110 mg O(2) L(-1). Repeatability tests showed relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 2.8% and 5.8% for the parameter τ(d), characterizing the transient output of the amperometric oxygen sensor in time, and τ(s), describing the dependency of the transient response of the BOD biosensor on organic substrate concentration, respectively. BOD biosensor experiments for the evaluation of the biochemical oxygen demand of easily degradable and refractory municipal wastewater showed good concurrence with traditional BOD(7) analysis.     

Evaluation of pollution load of Lahore Canal by quantification of various pollutants through physicochemical characterisation

The work describes the physicochemical analysis of the water samples collected from Lahore Canal to evaluate pollution load at different points of the canal. Different physical and chemical pollutants such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved and suspended solids, turbidity, chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, oils and grease, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were analysed. The data was analysed through analysis of variance, which showed that the p values for dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, oil and grease, sulphates, and nitrates are <0.05, while p value of temperature, pH, and chlorides are 1.000, 0.984, and 0.070, respectively, which are >0.05. Further regression analysis revealed that the simple line regression modal is fit for turbidity and TSS, electrical conductivity and TDS, COD and DO, BOD and DO, and BOD and COD. The studies reveal that Lahore Canal is receiving a considerable amount of physical and chemical pollutants at different points.     

地表水BOD_5的快速预测预报

地表水五日生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的测试需要五天时间，分析周期较长。本文建立了ＢＯＤ５与高锰酸盐指数（ＣＯＤＭｎ）、ＢＯＤ５与溶解氧（ＤＯ）之间的直线回归方程，通过测定地表水的ＣＯＤＭｎ和ＤＯ可分别对地表水的ＢＯＤ５实现快速预测预报。现场使用溶解氧测定仪检测ＤＯ，可立即预报地表水的ＢＯＤ５。     

Measurement of biochemical oxygen demand of the leachates

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the leachates originally from the different types of landfill sites was studied based on the data measured using the two manometric methods. The measurements of BOD using the dilution method were carried out to assess the typical physicochemical and biological characteristics of the leachates together with some other parameters. The linear regression analysis was used to predict rate constants for biochemical reactions and ultimate BOD values of the different leachates. The rate of a biochemical reaction implicated in microbial biodegradation of pollutants depends on the leachate characteristics, mass of contaminant in the leachate, and nature of the leachate. Character of leachate samples for BOD analysis of using the different methods may differ significantly during the experimental period, resulting in different BOD values. This work intends to verify effect of the different dilutions for the manometric method tests on the BOD concentrations of the leachate samples to contribute to the assessment of reaction rate and microbial consumption of oxygen.     

Practical field application of a novel BOD monitoring system

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) monitoring system, based on electrochemically-active bacteria in combination with a microbial fuel cell, has been developed for the purpose of on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring of practical wastewater. A microbial fuel cell that had been enriched with electrochemically-active bacteria was used as the basis of the measurement system. When synthetic wastewater was fed to the system, the current generation pattern and its Coulombic yield were found to be dependent on the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater were established. Real wastewater obtained from a sewage treatment plant also produced a highly linear correlation between the Coulombic yield and BOD5 in the system. To examine on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring capability, the BOD monitoring system was installed at a sewage treatment plant. Over 60 days, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability with the measuring period for a sample being 45 min. This application showed that the application of the measurement system was a rapid and practical way for the determination of BOD5 in water industries.     

新型反应器式BOD快速测定仪的性能研究

BOD是反映水体有机污染的主要参数,广泛应用于水体监测、污水处理厂的运行以及水与废水处理的教学与研究工作。传统的BOD测量需要5天,耗时费力。因此,开发BOD快速测量方法及仪器十分重要。文章针对一种新型反应器式BOD快速测定仪在仪器化过程中需要解决的一些问题进行了探讨。包括固定化微生物颗粒制备、反应温度的优化、有无搅拌条件、仪器性能等。实验结果表明,最适宜的测量温度为30℃,可以利用微量曝气代替磁力搅拌,以方便仪器的制作。在对150mg/L的GGA标准液进行的5次测定实验中,测量结果的最大偏差≤10%,精密度为4.6%。该仪器的灵敏度与准确性均能满足BOD快速测量要求。