灰垢厚度测量

讨论了火电厂输灰管灰垢的形成。根据Ｘ射线穿过物发生衰减的原理研制出厚度测量仪，讨论了用连续宽束Ｘ射线进行厚度测量时的各种特点和影响精度的诸因素，成功地进行了实验，测量精度满足工程需要。     

河南省电力局召开炉烟与废水混合灰管除垢技术鉴定会

灰管结垢是燃煤电厂较普遍存在的问题,不仅因通流面积减小,增加除灰电耗,严重时灰水难以排放,影响安全生产。为确保排灰安全可靠,以往电厂采用酸洗、机械人工敲打等方法,或更换灰管,皆需耗大量资金,工作量也很大。因此,研究除灰垢的简单方法是一个急待解决的课题。河南省电力试验研究所与开封火电厂经过大量的调查研究,试验分析和方法对比,最后确定采用了烟气与废水混合物除灰管内灰垢方案。     

ENSG-30000-125可调频高声强声波吹灰器除垢机理分析

目前国内燃煤电厂湿法烟气脱硫装置常因为GGH堵塞而被迫停运,为了解决这个问题,介绍了一种利用高声强声波吹灰器结合高压水冲洗,彻底解决GGH结垢堵塞的方法,并对高声强声波吹灰器的除垢机理进行了分析,认为高强声波的推拉作用可使换热器表面的硬垢因声致疲劳而松动、脱落,同时,降低灰垢在换热器表面的附着力。另外,针对强声波对GGH的机械作用力进行了平衡分析,认为在强声波环境下GGH运行是安全的。     

电压闪变测量及其衡量标准的分析

在分析电网电压波动、闪变的定义和各国对电压波动、闪变研究现状的基础上，介绍了几种测量和分析电压波动及闪变的设备及其对电压波动和闪变的测量和评估方法。     

大中型氮肥厂噪声现状分析

对七家大中型氮肥厂进行了噪声测量调查。分析了主要噪声源，声级分布状况和污染特点，对各厂已采取的噪声治理措施作了扼要评述，提出了进一步治理噪声的几点建议。     

关于《高压静电除尘用整流设备试验方法》标准的探讨

由上海电阻厂负责起草，全国电力电子学标准化技术委员会提出并归口的中华人民共和国专业标准《高压静电除尘用整流设备》（以下简称《标准》于1989年7月1日起实施。该标准引用了《高压静电除尘用整流设备试验方法》（以下简称《试验方法》）。笔者长期从事高压静电除尘用整流的设计和制造及其试验工作，对此《标准》和｛试验方法》在实施中出现的一些问题，提出并分析如下：1．《试验方法》中指出输出直流电压用静电电压表测量，但也可用微安表串直流电压测量棒测量。从静电电压表的测量原理可知，其显示值是有效值，而用微安表率电阻的测…     

大气稳定度测量系统在大气扩散试验中的应用

本文介绍了日产MC-10型大气稳定度测量系统及其在几次野处大气扩散试验中的使用情况。通过资料的分析比较，表明该系统测量的结果可信，与实际情况吻合较好。     

提高电厂CEMS测量精度的实践探讨

宁海电厂3号机组净烟气SO2不均匀问题导致脱硫效率无法达到95%以上,电厂对CEMS进行了技术改造以提高其测量精度。通过采用加装测量探头和等比例混合装置等措施提高了CEMS测量的准确度,保证了系统脱硫效率,为电厂在脱硫电价补偿方面提供有利保障。     

某矿热炉烟气余热利用系统测量与诊断

对某铁合金厂2台硅铁矿热炉烟气参数进行了现场测量,测量结果表明,测点烟气温度偏低,流量偏大.通过对原始测量数据进行筛选整理,得到了更加真实的测量结果;通过分析测量数据,诊断出导致现有余热锅炉进口烟气温度偏低的主要原因,并给出相应的对策建议.     

锅炉原煤仓自燃预警与惰化防火装置

原煤仓存煤自燃是电站锅炉安全运行的重要隐患，长时间以来缺少有效监测和控制手段。通过PLC模块对原煤仓仓壁敏感区域进行连续测温，辅以CO传感器和烟气感应器信号联合判断自燃趋势，避免了人工测量判断的主观误差的弊端。监测信号达到阈值时，自动控制电磁阀喷CO2灭火，实现全过程自动监测和灭火。对于未发生自燃的原煤仓也可自动定期进行气体惰化防火，降低存煤自燃概率，提高了整个系统的安全性。     

Note From the Publisher and the Editor-in-Chief

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus -     

Adapting the Speciation of the VOCs Emission Inventory in the Greater Athens Area

An adaptation procedure of a new emission inventory of theGreater Athens Area is attempted, based on a sensitivityanalysis on the treatment of the VOC emissions. Throughthis procedure the impact that a more detailed treatment ofthe VOCs emissions might have on the atmospheric chemistrysimulations, is examined. For this analysis three differentchemical mechanisms were applied for two differentlocations (urban and city plume) with different VOC andNO_x mixture characteristics. Finally, this studyrecommends new carbon fractions, reflecting the localconditions in Athens basin.     

落实工作任务 推进农业再生资源利用工作

农业再生资源是再生资源的一个特殊而重要的组成部分,开展农业再生资源回收利用是再生资源产业向新领域的拓展,是助农增收、为"三农"服务的有效途径,是事关新农村建设的重要课题。本刊根据2009年12月18日中再生协会农业再生资源利用专业委员会成立大会暨2009年海峡两岸农业再生资源综合利用研讨会上的相关资料,刊发一组领导讲话,以使读者了解和认识实施农业再生资源回收利用的现实背景和重大意义。     

Oil Spill Modeling towards the Close of the 20th Century: Overview of the State of the Art

The state-of-the-art in oil spill modeling is summarized, focusing primarily on the years from 1990 to the present. All models seek to describe the key physical and chemical processes that transport and weather the oil on and in the sea. Current insights into the mechanisms of these processes and the availability of algorithms for describing and predicting process rates are discussed. Advances are noted in the areas of advection, spreading, evaporation, dispersion, emulsification, and interactions with ice and shorelines. Knowledge of the relationship between oil properties, and oil weathering and fate, and the development of models for the evaluation of oil spill response strategies are summarized. Specific models are used as examples where appropriate. Future directions in these and other areas are indicated     

On the Methods for the Delimitation of Seasons

It is well known that air pollution is one of the major factors affecting human health and the activities in a town. Among the various air pollutants an interesting one, especially for sunny climates, is the reactive O₃. O₃ varies significantly through the year; it is therefore very important to know the onset and the duration of the warm period of the year since at that time O₃ concentrations increase significantly. In this work, an attempt was made to determine the onset of warm season of the year as well as its duration in various sites located in Northeastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, a fuzzy clustering method is used. The method was applied on the isobaric thickness between 1000 and 500 hPa for the period from 1974 to 1997. The results were compared to conventional methods based on synoptic classification and were found to be in good agreement.     

欧盟包装废物管理和总体产生特性分析

欧盟旱在1994年就颁布了包装和包装废物的指令，提出了包装废物管理的目标和管理内容，要求各成员国采取积极的经济和法律措施，建立自由流通的公平市场秩序。通过研究评估表明，包装和包装废物指令的实施产生了多方面的积极影响。统计数据表明，历年包装废物回收总量平稳增加，处置量平稳下降，单位GDP产值产生包装废物的系数基本保持稳定，但各国包装废物人均产生量存在较大差异。     

Comparative Thermodynamic Study on the Contribution of the Autocondensation and Copolymerization Reactions for the Tannins of the Subspecies of Acacia nilotica

Autocondensation and copolymerization reactions of the Acacia nilotica subspecies tomentosa (Ant) and the subspecies adansonii (Ana) tannins extracts solutions have been studied at several pH values by thermomechanical analyzer. Results of chemical analysis of these tannins revealed that the studied tannins, Ant and Ana contained high percentages of extractable tannins (54 and 57 %) for and polyphenolic materials (78 and 80 %) respectively. Different hardeners such as paraformaldehyde, Urea and pMDI were added at different ratios and their polycondensation reactions was studied and compared with their autocondensation ones. The aim was to evaluate the tannins suitability for the production of commercially and technically viable tannin adhesives with reduced Formaldehyde emission for wood products and to study the interference between the autocondensation and the copolymerization reaction. The obtained results of autocondensation reaction for both of the tannins studied showed that the best Young’s modulus values for Ant (3,500 and 2,750 MPa) and Ana (2,650 and 2,620 MPa) were obtained at pH 5 and 7. The Young’s modulus values obtained by the tannins Ant were higher than those achieved by Ana. This indicates that the Ant is more reactive than Ana. These results were also in line with results achieved by the gel time for both of the tannins. Gel time results indicate that the reactivity of both tannins increased towards alkalinity with Ana being more reactive at alkaline pH. Addition of 8 % of paraformaldehyde was adversely affecting the autocondensation reactions, as the best Young’s modulus values were achieved at pH 4 for Ant tannins. As for Ana the higher Young’s modulus values (2,000 and 2,310 MPa) were achieved at pH 5 and 7. This indicates that autocondensation reaction was contributed to the final network of the copolymerization reaction. When smaller ratio of paraformaldehyde and Urea (5 %) was added to Ant tannins it favors the autocondensation reaction and the best Young’s modulus values were obtained at pH 5 and 7. Addition of pMDI (10–30 %) was found to decrease the temperature of copolymerization and the obtained Young’s modulus values by Ant were lower than those obtained by autocodensation reaction. Best Young’ modulus values were obtained by Ant at pH 5 and 7. Ana gave the best Young’s modulus values at pH 4 and 5 indicating that the autocondensation appears to depress the copolymerization reactions. The obtained results by both reactions were very important from technical and economical point of view as they concluded that it is very possible to produce adhesives system with zero emission depending on the tannins autocondensation reaction and pH values. Reduction of formaldehyde emission was also possible upon addition of smaller amount of paraformaldehyde and Urea.     

日本包装废物管理体系和产生特性分析

介绍了日本的资源循环法律体系和促进容器包装分类回收和再商品化的法律和有关方针，介绍了日本容器和包装的管理体制和主要措施，以及各类包装废物回收利用状况和特点。