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乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定新装修住宅室内空气中的甲醛 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛的方法进行了优化,同时对北京市11户部分新装修居室室内空气中的甲醛含量进行了测定.结果表明,有8户住宅超过了我国室内空气质量标准GB/T18883-2002规定的甲醛最高容许质量浓度0.10 mg/m3. 相似文献
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室内甲醛污染治理技术研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
鉴于室内空气甲醛污染的危害,使用市售的“家丁”牌甲醛消除剂,对其去除甲醛性能进行了测试研究。研究结果表明,甲醛消除剂可以快速、有效地消除室内空气中的甲醛,又可以减少室内装修材料中游离甲醛的释放,是治理室内空气甲醛污染的有效手段之一。 相似文献
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室内空气污染对人体的危害及其防治对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了室内空气污染物的来源,以及这些污染物对室内空气的影响和对人体健康的危害,系统阐述了改善室内空气质量及防治室内空气污染的方法。 相似文献
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本文对室内空气污染分析方法进行了详细综述,以期对开发室内空气污染分析的新方法及新技术提供参考。 相似文献
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We investigated the accumulation of PCB and DDT in crayfish populations in 10 streams in southern Sweden. The results were compared with an earlier study on crayfish in lakes from the same area. We found that the concentration of pollutants in crayfish did not differ between the two types of systems. Variation in body burden was higher in stream living crayfish probably because of the higher influence from pollutants deposited in the catchment area and the more dynamic transport in streams. In streams, p,p'-DDE concentrations were positively correlated to trophic status (total phosphorous) while PCB did not show any correlation with the nutrient regime. Further, mean SigmaPCB and p,p'-DDE concentrations in crayfish did not correlate in streams. We suggest that the sources of the two pollutants differ for stream living crayfish. The results indicate that crayfish in streams are affected to a higher degree to pollutants in the catchment area and the precipitation regime. In lakes, internal processes govern uptake of pollutants in crayfish. 相似文献
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污染物在水体中的扩散规律研究已引起越来越多人的关注。通过现场扩散示踪实验求得扩散系数,进而对污染物的扩散规律予以定量描述,是一种可靠易行的方法。对黄河托克托至河曲段的实际研究表明,以Cr2O或F-为示踪剂,运用Taylor模型进行多沙大河的污染物扩散规律研究可以取得满意的结果。同时,利用现场示踪实验结果与经验公式的结合可以预测不同情况下的纵向扩散系数,从而得出污染物的允许排放量,这将有利于污染物在水体中行为的深入研究。 相似文献
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影响有机污染物在土壤中的迁移、转化行为的因素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了有机污染物在土壤中的吸附与解吸附、渗滤、挥发和降解等行为过程。探讨了吸附与解吸附机理、土壤有机质含量和类型、水分含量及温度等对此过程的影响。依据某些典型的化合物行为模型,论述了影响土壤中有机污染物渗滤的因素。有机污染物需要先从土壤深层迁移至地表,然后挥发至大气,在土壤中迁移的速率较慢,控制着整个挥发过程,可用Fick 第二定律来描述。有机污染物在土壤中的非生物降解主要包括氧化- 还原、光解和水解等反应。土壤中的O2 含量、土壤有机质成分和含量、辐射强度、光谱分布、土壤水分含量、温度和pH 值等都会影响非生物降解过程。其中有些因素通过影响微生物的生物活性,还影响有机污染物的生物降解 相似文献
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本文所研究江段的有机污染物主要来自两岸工业排放的废水、生活污水、工业废弃物及生活垃圾。污染源主要位于右岸,上游右岸沉积物中有机污染物的总浓度高于左岸,下游两岸沉积物中有机污染物的总浓度趋于一致。两岸沉积物中污染物总浓度随距离的变化规律如下: 右岸:C=92.044S~(-0.3028) R=-0.962 左岸:C=9.231e~(-0.0058) R=0.946 在该江段沉积物中共检出51种有机污染物。其中致癌、可疑致癌、致突变化合物25种,占检出化合物的49%。淤泥质沉积物中有机污染物的存在量60.67吨,岸边滩及心滩土壤中存在量138.2吨。 相似文献
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本文综述了我国大气污染化学研究的概况。阐明了大气颗粒物(气溶胶)的表征研究,包括颗粒物的物理化学特性和环境化学行为;大气污染物的迁移、转化和归宿的规律,包括化学过程和大气化学模式的研究等。介绍了某些大气污染物的特殊分析测试方法和采样技术,对今后发展大气化学的展望和战略作了讨论。 相似文献
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Long-term environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants and metals in a chemical/petrochemical area: human health risks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nadal M Schuhmacher M Domingo JL 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1769-1777
Organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as some metals are periodically monitored in soil and vegetation samples collected in Tarragona County (Spain). We here report the temporal trends of the concentrations of the above pollutants between the initial survey (2002) and that recently (2009) performed. The area under evaluation was divided into 4 sections (chemical, petrochemical, urban/residential and unpolluted). In general terms, urban soils presented the highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCNs and PAHs, confirming that traffic is a very important emission source of these pollutants. In addition, substantially higher levels of PAHs and some metals were found in vegetation samples from the petrochemical complex. The assessment of health risks of these contaminants indicated that the current concentrations of micropollutants did not mean additional non-carcinogenic or cancer risks for the population living in the zone. 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,7(1):8-25
Present governmental and environmental policy is curative and reactive in nature, directed towards cleaning up past environmental disasters and passing laws to limit pollutants emitted by individuals and enterprises. Such policies fail to recognize that the root causes of environmental degradation are the result of an exponentially expanding population and a rising standard of living. No environmental programme can be successful without controlling population and reforming governmental policies in the areas of family planning, abortion, immigration, and economic regulation. Controlling population by liberalizing family planning and abortion laws is a more humane approach than reducing standards of living, especially in developing countries, where poverty is the cause of so much misery. 相似文献