新型聚铝硅复合絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

本文初步制备了两种新型聚铝硅复合絮凝剂：聚铝硅（含活化硅酸聚合铝，ＰＡＣＳｉ）和聚硅铝（聚硅酸硫酸铝，ＰＳｉＡＳ），研究对比了ＰＡＣＳｉ，ＰＳｉＡＳ与ＰＡＣ的絮凝性能。考察了硅酸聚合程度，硅、铝含量对其絮凝性能的影响，结果表明，提高硅酸聚合程度或硅、铝含量的增加均有利于增强絮凝性能，且随（Ｓｉ）／（Ａｌ）比值的提高，其絮凝性能也明显增加，在铝含量相同情况下，聚铝硅和聚硅铝的絮凝性能均优于聚合氯化铝     

聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的性能研究

煤矸石是采煤过程之废料。本文利用煤矸石制备出了聚合氯化铝铁（ＰＡＦＣ）：一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂，探讨了Ｆｅ＾３＋的稳定性与溶液离子强度之间的关系，发现溶液的离子强度越大，则产生Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３沉淀时的ＰＨ越高。研究了ＰＡＦＣ水解产物的ζ电位及絮凝效果随ＰＨ的变化情况，比较了ＰＡＦＣ、ＰＡＣ和ＰＦＳ的除浊性能，ＰＡＦＣ在ＰＨ为７．０－８．２范围内除浊效果最佳，ＰＡＦＣ的除浊效果优于ＰＡＣ。     

天然高分子改性阳离子絮凝剂SFC的制备及其絮凝性能的研究

本文研究了天然高分子改性阳离子絮凝剂SFC的制备及其絮凝性能.选择了Fe~(2+)+H_2O_2。作催化剂,确定了其最佳制备反应条件;所得产物SFC的絮凝除浊性能优于日本产的DG-Ⅱ型阳离子絮凝剂和国产的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂.     

聚铝铁硅絮凝剂的合成方法及其混凝效能

采用硅酸钠碱化聚合方法制备聚铝铁硅絮凝剂，研究它们的ｐＨ弛豫规律及其稳定性，并通过流动电流测定了其电动特性，最后进行了混凝除浊（富里酸）效果对比研究。初步得到了稳定性及絮凝效果均较好的聚合铝铁硅絮凝剂的工艺合成方法。     

含硼聚硅酸硫酸铁锌复合絮凝剂的制备及性能

制备了含硼聚硅酸硫酸铁锌复合絮凝剂(PSFZB),研究了硅酸钠溶液浓度、硅酸聚合时间、Fe/Si、Zn/Si、B/Si等因素对絮凝效果的影响,通过正交试验确定最佳制备工艺条件。试验结果表明,研制的PSFZB絮凝剂具有很好的稳定性和较佳的处理效果,适用的pH范围广,是一种较PAC、PFC优良的絮凝剂。     

稀土镧改性聚合硫酸铁机理分析及其应用

为进一步提高无机高分子絮凝剂的处理效果并降低处理成本,研究"一步法"絮凝剂制备工艺,同时引入稀土镧对絮凝剂进行改性处理,制备固体稀土镧聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂(La-PFS).实验通过响应面优化絮凝性能,研究结果表明.聚合温度为123℃、镧铁摩尔比为1∶105.56、OH~-/Fe摩尔比为0.19时,制备产品对高浊度废水除浊效率效果达到99.41%.引入稀土镧在一定程度上增长絮凝剂链状结构,增强吸附能力.在对造纸废水处理中,稀土镧聚合硫酸铁对造纸废水处理效果明显优于传统市售絮凝剂,絮凝沉淀速度有较大提升,浊度去除率达到68%,COD_(Cr)去除率达到35%.     

污水稳定塘除藻的可行性技术研究

研究了稳定塘系统出水中微藻的自动絮凝作用规律．在光暗交替条件下,微藻生物量呈增减替换趋势;在遮光条件下即出现所谓“暗沉降”现象;揭示了由于优势种的不同所显现的沉降速率的差异．研究还肯定了水生动物（ 如蚌和鱼） 对微藻的滤食作用及絮凝剂（ Ｐ Ｆ Ｓ 和 Ｐ Ａ Ｃ） 在适当ｐ Ｈ 值下对微藻的快速絮凝沉降效率．在此基础上提出了几种廉价且便于操作的除藻技术,如采用间歇排水方式除藻或采用遮光措施,或用 Ｐ Ｆ Ｓ 絮凝剂除藻等     

新型生物絮凝剂——生物材料的絮凝效果评价

自制生物材料是一种新型生物絮凝剂，分别以ＢＳＡ溶液、果汁溶液、泥土混浊液为研究对象，与其他四种常用絮凝剂相比，其絮凝效果优于其他絮凝絮凝剂，然后，研究其絮凝剂用量与絮凝效果的关系，絮凝动力学等。     

聚硅酸锌絮凝剂的电镜特征和絮凝效果

利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了聚硅酸锌（PSAZ）絮凝剂的凝胶颗粒结构，考察了不同浓度的锌离子与二氧化硅含是以及不同阴离子组成对聚硅酸锌絮凝胶结构的影响，对比了锌离子和铝离子形成聚硅酸盐絮凝剂的结构特征。同时比较了聚硅酸锌絮凝剂和铝系列絮凝剂的絮凝效果。     

聚合硅酸硫酸铝的制备,结构及性能研究

制备了聚合酸硫酸铝絮凝剂。其最佳制备条件为ＰＨ值５．５－６．０,ＳｉＯ２浓度２．０－３．０％,Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比１．０或０．１。Ｘ射线衍射分析说明Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３,已参加聚合物的生成。应用实验表明Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比是影响其絮凝性能的最主要因素,该产品对于低浊高色度水的处理肯人优异的絮凝性能。     

聚合氯化铝-高锰酸钾-羟基氧化铁复合强化混凝微污染原水

选用聚合氯化铝（PAC）与高锰酸钾、羟基氧化铁进行复配,强化混凝处理微污染原水。研究了复合混凝剂投加量、反应时间、进水pH、进水有机物浓度等对混凝效果的影响及絮体的沉淀性能。结果表明,PAC-KMnO4-β-FeOOH三元复合混凝剂具有显著的强化混凝效果,与相同条件下单投PAC及PAC-KMnO4二元复合混凝相比,TOC去除率分别提高了30%与20%。达到相同的浊度去除效果,三元复配混凝剂可缩短27%~50%的反应时间,减少65%~75%的沉淀时间。进水pH、有机物浓度在一定范围内变动时,PAC-KMnO4-β-FeOOH三元复合混凝剂对浊度与TOC的去除率均高于单投PAC的处理效果,三元复合混凝剂具有较强的抗水质变化冲击能力。     

高效絮凝反应器处理生活污水试验研究

本文采用高效絮凝模拟反应器进一步对实际生活污水进行连续运行处理试验，结果表明，直接絮凝沉淀处理后的出水浊度去除率和ＣＯＤ去除率分别达到９３．４％和７９．２％，可完全达到排放标准。絮凝处理后再经纤维过滤柱过滤处理，可控制出水浊度在１．０ＮＴＵ以下，ＣＯＤ去除率增加５．０￣７．０％，试验结果进一步验证了这种高效絮凝装置具有高效处理效能及实际工程应用推广价值。     

微波－混凝法处理滇池高藻原水的实验研究

实验采用微波－混凝法处理滇池高藻原水,考察了混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量、进水pH值、微波功率及辐照时间对除藻去浊效果的影响,并与单一混凝的处理效果进行了对比。结果表明：在PAC投加量为80mg／L、进水pH值为8—9、微波功率为600W、辐照时间为1．5min的条件下除藻去浊效果最佳,除藻率达94．4％,剩余浊度可从89NTU降到3NTU左右;微波－混凝法对滇池高藻原水的处理效果明显优于单一混凝,同时可降低混凝剂用量,具有良好的强化混凝效果。     

Fenton——聚硅铝铁处理生活垃圾压滤液研究

为了降低生活垃圾压滤液污染负荷,为后续生化处理的正常运行创造良好条件,针对垃圾压滤液污染特性,以CODCr去除率为指标,通过正交实验和单因素实验研究了Fenton—聚硅铝铁混凝法处理城市生活垃圾压滤液的最优反应条件和处理效果。结果表明:采用该工艺处理垃圾压滤液时,pH值对CODCr去除率影响最大,其次是PSAF,再次是H2O2和FeSO4,在最优反应条件下,浊度去除率达到95.3%,CODCr去除率达到86.7%,BOD5去除率达到81.6%,浊度、CODCr、BOD5分别下降到86NTU、4201 mg.L-1、855 mg.L-1。     

高效絮凝反应器的设计及混凝效能的验证

本文依据絮凝动力学的涡旋理论和无机高分子絮凝剂的絮凝机理设计了一种高效竖流折流式絮凝反应器，并通过絮凝试验对影响高效折流式絮凝反应器絮凝的流道及格网等因素进行了研究，结果表明，通过在反应器内设置适宜的格网，能够显著地改善反应器的絮凝除浊效能，在絮凝试验基础上讨论了高效絮凝反应器的设计思想。     

Effects of water quality on the coagulation performances of humic acids irradiated with UV light

The presence of humic acid in drinking water treatment has received significant attention in recent years because of its adverse effects on the removal of many pollutants in coagulation. In this paper, the effects of water quality including pH, turbidity, alkalinity, and hardness on the removal of humic acid were investigated in a UV light hybridized coagulation process. Our results suggested that UV light radiation could effectively improve the removal rate of humic acid in coagulation under both neutral and basic conditions, and the variations of the selected water quality parameters had little adverse effect on the function of UV light. After UV light radiation, the removal rate of the nitro-humic acid (NHA) increased from 20% to 60% in coagulation, and increased further to 75% and 85% for the raw waters with 10.0 NTU kaolin and 100 mg·L^-1 hardness, respectively. In addition to NHA, the removal rates of the humic acid extracted from peat coal (PHA) and the humic acid provided by Japan metals and chemicals company (JHA) in coagulation were also improved, both in the range of 80%–90% after undergoing UV light radiation. By changing the radiation location from prior to coagulation to the flocculation process, similar experimental results were obtained. The formation of positive charged sites after UV light radiation was considered to be the primary factor that led to an enhanced removal of the humic acid in coagulation.     

Al13去除水中腐殖酸的混凝作用机理

研究对比了Al13、不同碱化度的聚合氯化铝(PACl)及工业聚合氯化铝等去除水中腐殖酸的絮凝特征,从Zeta电位、RT(余浊)、UV254等角度分别考察了pH值和投药量的影响,对不同形态组成絮凝剂的混凝效能有了进一步明确的认识,并且对Al13的絮凝机理进行了有益的探索．结果表明,Al13是混凝过程中的优势形态,决定着混凝剂的电中和能力．     

高效聚合氯化铝在石油化工污水回收处理中的应用

通过絮凝性能比较以及中试规模的应用，表明高效聚合氯化铝具有用量少，污泥少，除浊率高，对出水ｐＨ影响小等优点，是石油化工污水回用处理中的理想絮凝剂。     

Optimization and modeling of coagulation-flocculation to remove algae and organic matter from surface water by response surface methodology

Charge neutralization and sweep flocculation were the major mechanisms. Effect of process parameters was investigated. Optimal coagulation conditions were studied by response surface methodology. ANN models presented more robust and accurate prediction than RSM. Seasonal algal blooms of Lake Yangcheng highlight the necessity to develop an effective and optimal water treatment process to enhance the removal of algae and dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the present study, the coagulation performance for the removal of algae, turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄) was investigated systematically by central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM). The regression models were developed to illustrate the relationships between coagulation performance and experimental variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test the significance of the response surface models. It can be concluded that the major mechanisms of coagulation to remove algae and DOM were charge neutralization and sweep flocculation at a pH range of 4.66–6.34. The optimal coagulation conditions with coagulant dosage of 7.57 mg Al/L, pH of 5.42 and initial algal cell density of 3.83 × 10⁶ cell/mL led to removal of 96.76%, 97.64%, 40.23% and 30.12% in term of cell density, turbidity, DOC and UV₂₅₄ absorbance, respectively, which were in good agreement with the validation experimental results. A comparison between the modeling results derived through both ANOVA and artificial neural networks (ANN) based on experimental data showed a high correlation coefficient, which indicated that the models were significant and fitted well with experimental results. The results proposed a valuable reference for the treatment of algae-laden surface water in practical application by the optimal coagulation-flocculation process.     

硼泥陶粒处理钢铁高浊度废水的探究

以硼泥、膨润土、粉煤灰、锯末为原材料制备硼泥陶粒吸附剂,应用于高浊度废水的处理,以浊度的去除率为指标,通过对pH值、流速、填料高度、锯末量、粒径、处理时间等因素的考察,确定合适的工艺条件。结果表明：对于浊度为795～820 NTU的废水,在pH为12、流速在1 200 s.L-1、填料高度50 cm、粒径4 mm、锯末量为40 g、处理时间60 min,废水的除浊率达到94%。实现了对硼泥的资源化利用,为制备吸附剂的来源及吸附剂处理废水的应用开辟了新途径。