燃煤全过程脱硫技术

从国内实际出发，开发了一套高效、价廉、以废治废的燃煤全过程脱硫技术，并对其机理做了详细的研究。     

磁絮凝法处理DZA有机废水的研究

本文介绍了磁絮新颖产分离技术，应用该技术能有效处理水中ＤＺＡ有机物，实现数秒内的快速分离污泥，污泥含水率低。     

双碱法烟气脱硫技术新进展

针对我国以排放SO_2和煤尘为主的煤烟型大气污染和在今后相当长时期内仍以燃煤为主的现状,开发在技术和经济上均具有吸引力的排烟脱硫技术已成为当务之急.本文介绍了新双碱法脱硫技术的原理和工艺流程,对比传统的双碱法,分析探讨了新法的特点,并展示该法在解决大气层中SO_2问题上的良好前景.     

燃煤烟气脱硫副产物在酸性土壤上施用的效果--以豆科作物为例

研究了燃煤烟气脱硫副产物的农业利用价值，该物质在酸性土壤上施用对豆科作物的影响以及对环境的影响。研究结果显示，燃煤烟气脱硫副产物有很好的农业利用价值；在不同类型的红壤上，豆科作物适量施用脱硫副产物均有不同程度的增产和提高品质的效果，并能有效地改善土壤的理化性能；供试物中的重金属含量均没有超过国家的限量标准，故适量施用后，当造作物植株中检出的重金属均低于国家限量标准。     

半焦脱硫剂脱除烟气中的SO_2

烟气脱硫作为净化大气、遏制酸雨的技术,在过去几十年中得到了迅速发展,并且在工业应用上取得了巨大成功,炭法烟气脱硫技术已经在国外得到商业化应用,能够100%脱除烟气中的SO2.国内、外在炭法烟气脱硫的工艺研究和机理探讨方面都做了大量的工作,如以多孔炭为物理吸附剂,通过变温吸附来获得纯SO2;以多孔炭作为催化剂,将SO2催化氧化变为硫酸.     

燃煤烟气脱硫副产物在酸性土上的农用价值与利用原理

燃煤烟气脱硫副产物作为废弃物对环境的潜在威胁,促使人们对其资源化利用研究的重视。文章针对红壤地区土壤普遍缺乏营养元素的问题,通过分析盆栽和田间试验结果,探讨燃煤烟气脱硫副产物在酸性土壤上的农用价值与利用原理。结果表明,燃煤烟气脱硫副产物富含作物所需的营养元素,而红壤地区土壤又普遍缺乏这些元素;它具有独特的形态特征和理化性能,在酸性土壤中可以产生协同效应,因而具极高的农用价值。在酸性土壤上适量施用,可以提高土壤养分含量,改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤供肥性能和持水能力,促进作物对养分的吸收,从而达到废弃物农业资源化利用的目的。     

生物燃气生物脱硫技术研究进展

生物燃气具有清洁、高效、安全和可再生四大特征,在替代和补充天然气方面具有巨大潜力,正成为我国新能源战略的拓展方向之一.生物燃气的高值利用是推进产业化应用的重点,脱硫环节直接影响设备运行、产品品质和工程质量.与传统的脱硫工艺相比,生物脱硫具有效率高、无二次污染、处理成本低等优点,是新的研发热点和产业化应用方向之一.本文综述了生物燃气生物脱硫的基本原理、主要菌种、工艺过程、工程案例等最新研究与应用情况.重点对化能营养型硫细菌的生理生化特性及其脱硫性能进行了综合比较分析,并对它们基于生物洗涤塔原理的两段式沼气脱硫工艺的应用案例进行剖析.最后,对我国发展生物脱硫技术和工程应用提出了深入研发高效工艺、实现生物燃气产业化的建议.     

轻质油清洁化—脱硫研究进展

从加氢精制，氧化脱臭，吸附脱硫，生物脱硫，光化学反应脱硫五个方面介绍了国内外轻质油品脱硫工艺和技术研究进展，并阐述了这些方法的特点，原理及脱硫性能。     

轻质油品清洁化-脱硫研究进展

从加氢精制、氧化脱臭、吸附脱硫、生物脱硫、光化学反应脱硫五个方面介绍了国内外轻质油品脱硫工艺和技术研究进展 ,并阐述了这些方法的特点、原理及脱硫性能     

趋磁细菌磁小体形成机制研究进展

磁小体(Magnetosome)是由趋磁细菌(Magnetotactic bacteria,MTB)体内合成并有生物膜包裹的纳米级磁性晶体,其形成过程是一个包括多种基因和蛋白参与并且受基因表达调控的酶催化过程.本文主要从铁离子吸收、磁小体膜形成、铁离子转运、生物矿化和磁小体链组装等5个方面来详细阐述磁小体的形成过程,重点介绍近年来分离和鉴定的相关基因和蛋白,并分析其在磁小体形成过程中的作用机制,同时还介绍了氧气、铁源和培养基成分等环境因素对磁小体形成的影响.尽管已经鉴别了大部分磁小体形成的相关基因,但是运用遗传学和生化分析手段阐明其作用机理仍然是一个挑战.磁小体形成机制的进一步研究和阐明将为其在生物技术领域的应用奠定基础.     

Engineered magnetic oxides nanoparticles as efficient sorbents for wastewater remediation: a review

The rapid urbanization and industrialization is causing worldwide water pollution, calling for advanced cleaning methods. For instance, pollutant adsorption on magnetic oxides is efficient and very practical due to the easy separation from solutions by an magnetic field. Here we review the synthesis and performance of magnetic oxides such as iron oxides, spinel ferrites, and perovskite oxides for water remediation. We present structural, optical, and magnetic properties. Magnetic oxides are also promising photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. Antimicrobial activities and adsorption of heavy metals and radionucleides are also discussed.

     

燃煤工业锅炉大气二氧化硫污染及应用工业固硫型煤控制

本文研究我国燃煤工业锅炉大气ＳＯ２的污染状况及发展趋势，以及应用工业固硫型煤控制燃煤工业锅炉大气ＳＯ２的污染。燃煤工业锅炉燃烧工业固硫型煤时，可明显地降低ＳＯ２和烟尘的排放量，并节约煤炭。推广和发展工业固硫型煤，是防治燃煤工业锅炉大气ＳＯ２污染的一条投资少、见效快、简便易行的实用措施，其经济效益及环境效益相当可观。     

型煤燃烧特性初探

本文使用热重分析仪对型煤的燃烧特性进行了初步探讨。煤灯样品在升温过程中，发生两次快速失重，对应的温度分别为Ｔ１和Ｔ２。由于制备型煤时，添加了无机粘结剂和无机固硫剂等无机物，导致制备型煤用的混合料的Ｔ１比原煤降低，而刷烈燃烧温度Ｔ２却比原煤升高。     

Optimal timing of carbon capture policies under learning-by-doing

Using a standard Hotelling model of resource exploitation, we determine the optimal energy consumption paths from three options: dirty coal, which is non-renewable and carbon-emitting; clean coal, which is also non-renewable but carbon-free thanks to carbon capture and storage (CCS); and solar energy, which is renewable and carbon-free. We assume that the atmospheric carbon stock cannot exceed an exogenously given ceiling. Taking into account learning-by-doing in CCS technology, we show the following results: (i) clean coal exploitation cannot begin before the outset of the carbon constrained phase and must stop strictly before the end of this phase; (ii) the energy price path can evolve non-monotonically over time; and (iii) when the solar cost is low enough, an unusual energy consumption sequence along with solar energy is interrupted for some time and replacement by clean coal may exist.     

室内空气中多环芳烃污染的测量和特征性研究

本文就室内空气中多环芳烃典型污染源－室内燃煤和室内吸烟排放的多环芳烃组成和含量进行了测定，并同室外大气（对照）中多环芳烃组成含量进行了对比，研究了室内环境不同污染源排放多环烃组成和含量的特征性，结果表明，室内燃煤污染同燃煤型室外大气源排放多环芳烃具有相似组成含量特征，而室朵烟草烟雾污染源的多环芳烃组成含量特征，则与室外煤型和交通型均有显著区别。     

Magnetic semiconductor nano-photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using suspended and dispersed semiconductor nano-photocatalysts in wastewater holds unique advantages, including high activity, low cost, solar utilization, and complete mineralization. But the recovery and reuse of photocatalysts are difficult because the fine particles are easily discharged in waters. Immobilization of photocatalysts on supports such as glass and zeolite results in decreased activities due to the low specific area and slow mass transfer. Furthermore, a large amount of the photocatalysts will result in colored contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to develop photocatalysts with a separation function for the reusable and cyclic application. In order to take advantage of the high activity and enable the semiconductor nano-photocatalysts to be reused, the concept of magnetic photocatalysts with separation function was raised. We review the photocatalytic principle, structure, and application of the magnetic semiconductor catalysts.     

Toward separation at source: Evolution of Municipal Solid Waste management in China

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in China has been transitioning from a mixed collection and treatment system to a separated collection and treatment system. The continuous rise of MSW treatment capacity and the optimization of technology structure provided basic facility support for China to promote MSW separation at source. China preferred a four-type separation system. Regulated recycling should be enhanced to improve the efficiency and sustainability of recycling industry. As food waste is the main composition of MSW in China, 20%–30% of the food waste diversion and land application could maximize the comprehensive environmental performance. Incineration is to be the pillar technology in MSW separated treatment system in China.     

Efficient water desalination using photo-responsive ZnO polyamide thin film nanocomposite membrane

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Membrane separation technology has become one of the most frequently used techniques to secure adequate water resources for human consumption and other...     

磁性介孔硅胶萃取剂的制备及萃取性能研究

合成了C18基团修饰的磁性介孔硅胶材料,并利用该材料建立了磁性固相萃取-色谱分析方法,测定了几种环境水样中酞酸酯类(PAEs)污染物的含量.结果表明,该材料具有较大的比表面积(273 m.2g-1)和饱和磁通量(29 emu.g-1),对水样中痕量的PAEs有较强的萃取能力,而且萃取剂的磁分离特性使得萃取操作更为方便、快捷.在优化条件下,30 mg萃取剂在40 min内即可从500 mL水样中萃取痕量PAEs,回收率可达80%以上.此外,该萃取剂在处理复杂环境样品时仍能保持较强的萃取能力,环境水样中4种PAEs的检测限可达15.6—32.5 ng.L-1,加标回收率为62%—109%,相对标准偏差为2%—8%.     

Effects of catalytic hydrogenation on coal liquids which exhibit microbial mutagenic activity

An interdisciplinary strategy is outlined for characterizing the disposition of bioactive (toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic) materials in coal‐derived hydrocarbon liquids during upgrading processing. Engineering input is required to select representative PDU and pilot‐scale samples and appropriate processing schemes and conditions for upgrading experiments to ensure reliable extrapolation of results to demonstration and commercial scale. Biology expertise is required to perform and interpret short‐term in vitro cellular assays and whole‐animal toxicity and carcinogenesis testing on raw and upgraded samples. Chemical separation and identification of active classes and components in the samples aid in interpreting bioactivity results and in quantifying effects of various upgrading processes and conditions. The end result will be a data base for reliably assessing and addressing potential occupational and environmental safety and health concerns associated with upgraded coal‐derived liquids.

An example of the value of this interdisciplinary approach is given by work performed on generically representative raw and hydrotreated SRC‐II gas oil samples. Biological and chemical characterization indicates significant loss of bioactivity during hydrotreatment, with one postulated mechanism being removal of primary amine groups from multi‐ring aromatic compounds.