基于HSE管理构建石化企业安全生产个性化预测预报系统

针对目前石化企业建立的安全生产预测预报系统普遍存在预测指标获取不全和预测模型较为简单等问题,提出一种基于石化企业安全管理实际的安全生产预测预报技术方法。该方法结合我国企业安全生产标准化管理以及石化企业HSE管理的实际,建立了包含4个一级指标、19个二级指标、87个三级指标的石化企业安全生产预测指标体系,量化了石化企业生产过程中安全管理的各项具体内容;通过采用隐患整改率、培训教育、应急演练、安全生产事故等指数进行修正,构建了基于预测指标得分的石化企业安全生产预测指数模型,并利用灰色模型预测其未来趋势。应用结果表明:该方法更符合石化企业实际,具有适用性和准确性,能够实现信息化和数据共享,可为国家制定石化企业安全生产预测预报技术指导标准提供依据。     

基于供应链和可拓物元模型的乳制品企业食品质量安全风险预警研究

为提高乳制品企业食品质量安全预警能力,改善乳制品企业食品质量安全状况,从乳制品企业的供应链管理各环节分析了影响乳制品企业食品质量安全的主要因素,提出一种基于供应链和可拓方法的乳制品企业食品质量安全风险预警模型。首先从供应链的角度建立乳制品企业食品质量安全风险评价指标体系,利用熵权法计算各评价指标的权重系数;然后运用可拓学理论建立乳制品企业食品质量安全预警模型;最后结合武汉市8家乳制品生产企业2016年的食品质量安全评价指标数据,利用建立的乳制品企业食品质量安全预警模型定量评价了各企业的食品质量安全预警状态,并根据评价结果进行安全预警分析,验证模型的合理性和适用性。结果表明:4家乳制品生产企业食品质量安全处于无警状态,3家企业处于轻警状态,1家企业处于中警状态,食品质量安全总体状况良好,但大部分企业仍需改进。该模型的评价结果与实际调查和定性分析的结果基本一致,可为乳制品企业食品质量安全预警工作提供参考。     

企业安全生产状况判别法研究

介绍了从判断企业安全生产状况的几个单项指标入手,建立事故指数、安全管理指数和安全指数等安全指标的综合指标计算方法,通过综合指标的判定以弥补单一指标判定的不足。提出了行业平均指标法、企业平均指标法和定值法等确定基期安全指标的方法,以及安全指示灯（定值法）进行安全生产状况判别的原理与应用。     

危险化学品安全生产风险智能表征与分级预警技术应用研究

针对危险化学品安全生产风险与工艺、设备等的复杂耦合关系的难题,提出一种基于事件树和保护层的风险动态表征与分级预警模型,实现涵盖工艺安全、设备安全、泄漏监测及风险评估的风险动态量化表征。并通过危险化学品安全生产风险分级预警等级指数,实现国家、省、市、县(园区)及企业安全风险的分级预警管控,提升各层级安全风险管控时效性。同时基于工业互联网平台架构设计危险化学品安全生产风险智能表征与分级预警应用平台,支撑推进危险化学品安全生产风险管控"互联网+监管"模式变革。     

基于贝叶斯-BP神经网络的机械制造企业安全预警方法研究

针对目前机械制造企业安全预警系统中预警指标难以量化确定状态、预警级别生成算法单一且主观性较强的问题,以我国《机械制造企业安全生产标准化评定标准》为基础,建立了机械制造企业安全预警指标体系,并根据贝叶斯网络推理预警级别,在FullBNT中建立了机械制造企业安全预警系统的贝叶斯网络,提出一种运用BP神经网络量化确定机械制造企业安全预警指标状态的方法。通过实例分析表明:该方法可充分利用专家和以往事故案例经验,且预警效率较高。     

土地生态安全二维预警模型构建及应用——以临湘市为例

引入生态可持续性指数,在风险矩阵的框架下与土地生态安全指数相结合,构建了土地生态安全二维预警模型,并应用于临湘市土地生态安全预警.研究表明:土地生态安全指数逐年上升,土地生态系统自身稳定性及其对社会经济发展的支撑能力不断提高;生态可持续性指数逐年下降,土地生态系统对社会经济发展的支撑能力的可持续性逐渐减弱,如不采取相应措施,未来将难以避免跌入不可持续状态;2005~2019年土地生态安全警情呈“中警-轻警-中警-轻警”的波折变化,最终稳定为轻警,预测2020~2025年将延续轻警,跌入重警的可能性较小,但仍存在跌回中警的风险.临湘市应通过发展生态友好型产业､加大环保投入､有序扩张第二产业和建设用地､节制消费和应用新技术提高生产力等措施,综合改善土地生态安全状况.研究认为二维预警模型可有效避免传统模型预警失真的问题,有利于提高土地生态安全预警结果的全面性､前瞻性和合理性.     

基于PCA-GRU-SVM模型的多参量煤矿瓦斯浓度预测及预警研究北大核心CSCD

煤矿瓦斯浓度精准预测及提早预警对于预防瓦斯灾害发生至关重要。为充分利用井下多传感器监测信息提升矿井瓦斯浓度预测及预警模型的性能,提出一种基于主成分分析(PCA)、门控循环单元(GRU)神经网络和支持向量机(SVM)组合的多参量瓦斯浓度预测及预警模型。针对监测数据的时序性、动态性和非线性强等特性问题,采用邻近均值法、小波降噪和归一化法对数据进行处理,利用PCA对数据降维以简化GRU模型拓扑结构,提高瓦斯浓度预测精度,通过构建基于SVM的矿井瓦斯浓度预警模型实现对矿井安全状态的实时动态监测。选取安徽某煤矿171105工作面的实测数据对PCA-GRU-SVM模型预测结果与性能进行验证。仿真结果表明：相对于PCA-LSTM、PCA-RF和PCA-BP模型,本文构建的预测模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别减少了18.45%、56.36%和87.3%,均方根误差(RMSE)分别减少了5.17%、9.04%和67.52%,预警模型的预测准确率为94.1%,说明该模型具有较高的拟合度和预测精度。该研究结果可为实现瓦斯灾害的预测及超前预警提供参考,对矿业安全生产具有重要意义。     

基于回归分析的地下水污染预警模型

开展地下水污染预警工作是保护地下水资源的有效措施。进行地下水污染预警理论与方法的研究,建立地下水污染预警模型,可为地下水资源管理部门提供技术支撑。以北京市平谷区平原地区地下水水体为研究对象,利用该区域2010—2017年39个地下水监测点位的主要水质指标监测数据,开展地下水污染预警模型研究。首先运用逻辑回归建立地下水污染预测概率模型,各含水层组模型的预测准确率均超过90%。其次运用逐步回归建立地下水污染预警等级评估模型,并据此确定预警等级指数范围。研究成果可为区域地下水污染预警方法体系的建立提供参考。     

煤炭安全预警指标体系建立路径及现实意义探寻

煤炭生产安全问题是现今社会的热点问题,对煤炭企业经济效益的获得、煤炭企业员工生命的安全、国家经济的安全以及我国以人为本、全面协调可持续发展战略目标的实现具有重要现实意义。在阐述煤炭安全预警概念、煤炭企业安全风险特点的基础上,基于供求、运输、经济和环境等因素,建立了共5大类的12项指标构成煤炭资源安全预警指标体系,并综合运用主成分分析、自回归以及K均值聚类等方法,建立了煤炭安全预警模型,运用模型来对如何实现我国煤炭安全预警进行策略指导,以期实现煤炭产业的健康、安全发展。     

危化品企业安全生产预警预报体系现状探析

<正>企业安全预警是预防企业安全生产危害、应付危害和解决危害的手段和对策措施,其根本目的是通过安全生产策划,分析安全预警指标,增强企业的抗风险能力和应变力,使企业能真正做到"安全第一、预防为主"。《国务院关于进一步加强企业安全生产工作的通知》(国发[2010]23号)要求企业建立完善的安全生产预警机制,《关于印发危险化学品从业单位安全生产标准化评审标准的通知》(安监总管三[2011]93号)也明确规定危险化学     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.