斯奇康联合糖皮质激素对初治原发性肾病综合症患儿疗效观察

目的观察糖皮质激素联合斯奇康对初治原发性肾病综合症患儿缓解率和复发率的影响.方法将我院确诊的108例初发肾病综合症病人随机分为对照组和治疗组.对照组病例给予足量泼尼松治疗,治疗组病人在对照组病人治疗方案基础上给予斯奇康肌肉注射.记录两组病人缓解率和复发率.结果两组病人在随访1个月后缓解率无明显差别,随访2月、6月时,治疗组患者缓解率较对照组升高.治疗2月后,治疗组血清IgG、IgA、IgM显著增高(P0.05).随访1 a,与对照组相比,治疗组肾病综合症复发人次数显著减少,缓解率增加.结论糖皮质激素联合卡介苗多糖核酸治疗肾病综合症,可以提高缓解率,减少复发率.表3,参15.     

阿德福韦酯治疗HBV-YMDD变异疗效分析

目的:总结HBV YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝炎患者服用阿德福韦酯治疗效果.方法:选择未接受抗病毒治疗的YMDD变异患者及服用拉米夫定后发生YMDD变异患者共20例为研究对象,均服用阿德福韦酯12个月,治疗剂量为10 mg.d-1.分别于治疗开始及治疗后3、6个月及治疗结束检测ALT、AST、HBeAg及HBVDNA定量并进行比较分析.结果:HBV YMDD变异患者服用阿德福韦酯治疗后血清ALT、AST、及HBV DNA载量均明显下降(P均0.05).到治疗终点,有55%(11/20)的患者ALT、AST恢复正常,45%的患者HBeAg转阴.结论:阿德福韦酯治疗HBV YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝炎患者效果肯定.表1,参4.     

综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者的效果评价

目的评价综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者临床治疗效果.方法选取南华大学附属南华医院收治的168例消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组84例,干预组在对照组基础上,结合心理干预、认知干预、饮食干预、用药干预、健康教育等综合护理干预措施,对照组患者仅仅给予常规治疗与护理,比较两组临床疗效的差异.结果干预组总有效率90.5%,对照组总有效率76.2%,干预组明显优于对照组,经统计学处理差异有显著性(P0.05).结论对消化性溃疡患者实施积极地心理干预等综合护理干预措施,能够提高患者对疾病的认知水平,有效提高治疗效果.     

舒芬太尼联合小剂量硫酸镁胃肠术后静脉镇痛

目的比较小剂量硫酸镁联合舒芬太尼与单纯舒芬太尼术后静脉镇痛的临床效应.方法选择行胃肠道手术后患者60例,随机均分为二组,每组30例,以一次性静脉镇痛泵(2ml/h)分别行静脉术后镇痛,S组:单纯舒芬太尼镇痛,2μg/kg舒芬太尼+3mg格拉司琼,MS组:硫酸镁联合舒芬太尼镇痛,2μg/kg舒芬太尼+50mg/kg硫酸镁+3mg格拉司琼,各组镇痛泵中药物均用生理盐水稀释至100ml,观察各组患者镇痛48 h内的静息镇痛评分(VAS方法),恶心呕吐,皮肤瘙痒和尿潴留的发生情况,术后血清镁离子和钙离子的浓度变化情况.结果二组患者的静息镇痛评分在MS组明显低于S组(P0.05),恶心呕吐发生率MS组显著低于S组(P0.01).两组患者血清中钙离子浓度差异无统计学意义(P0.05).两组患者血清镁离子浓度减少有统计学意义(P0.05).结论小剂量硫酸镁用于术后静脉镇痛可明显减少舒芬太尼的剂量,使恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率降低,镇痛效果明显优于单纯舒芬太尼术后静脉镇痛,且可改善术后镁离子浓度下降的程度.表3,参9.     

中西医结合治疗慢性胃窦炎50例临床观察

将50例慢性胃窦炎患者随机分为两组，治疗50例在对照组的基础上同时服用中药以疏肝理气和胃降逆为主。对照组的50例口服，果胶铋，羟氨苄胶囊，替硝唑治疗，两组以15d为1疗程，共治疗2个疗程．治疗组治愈32例，总有效率94．8％；对照组治愈25例，总有效率为77．8％，治率组的总有效率明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）．结果表明：中西医结合治疗慢性胃窦炎具有较好的临床疗效．     

不同丝氨酸摄入水平对大鼠血液中微量元素含量的影响

本文研究了丝氨酸摄入水平对大鼠血液中铬和硒水平的影响.孕期wistar大鼠适应性饲养后,按体重随机分为4组.对照组和干预A组给予正常基础饲料;干预B组和C组给予缺丝氨酸和甘氨酸饲料;干预A组和C组在分组后腹腔注射PHGDH抑制剂.孕鼠生产后进行腹主动脉取血后处死,测定并比较各组血液中Cr和Se的含量.从对照组孕鼠产下的健康仔鼠中随机选取10只仔鼠,继续给予正常基础饲料,作为对照组.从D组孕鼠产下的健康仔鼠中随机选取40只,并随机分为4组(SD组、SD+L组、SD+M组、SD+H组),每组10只.SD+L组、SD+M组、SD+H组继续给予缺丝氨酸和甘氨酸饲料,饲养一个月后,这三组开始每日灌胃丝氨酸,剂量分别为:0.76 mg/100 g bw、1.52 mg/100 g bw和3.04 mg/100 g bw.丝氨酸补充两个月后,对仔鼠进行腹主动脉取血后处死,测定并比较各组血液中Cr和Se的含量.结果:各组孕鼠之间的血Cr水平无统计学差异(P0.05).与对照组比较,干预B组和干预C组孕鼠血硒含量显著升高.与干预A组的孕鼠比较,干预C组的孕鼠血硒含量同样显著升高.血液中Cr水平与Se水平呈正相关(P0.05).对于子代大鼠,与对照组比较,各干预组的血铬水平并无显著变化.而与给予缺丝氨酸和甘氨酸饲料的仔鼠相比,进行中、高水平丝氨酸补充的各组血铬水平均有不同程度的显著增长(P0.05).与对照组相比,缺丝氨酸和甘氨酸饲料组仔鼠的血硒水平明显下降(P0.05);SD+L组仔鼠的血硒水平无显著增加(P0.05),而SD+M和SD+H组仔鼠的血硒水平则显著增加(P0.05).与SD组相比,随着丝氨酸补充剂量水平的上升,血液中Se含量随之显著上升,呈正相关(P0.05).进行丝氨酸补充的各组之间,低剂量组与高剂量组存在显著差异(P0.05),其他组之间无显著差异(P0.05).仔鼠血液中Cr水平与Se含量无显著相关性(P0.05).丝氨酸的摄入水平可以不同程度影响体内铬和硒的含量.     

早期自然流产患者绒毛组织血管生成状况的研究

目的:通过测定早期自然流产(ESA)患者绒毛血管的体视学密度参数,探讨绒毛血管生成状况与ESA发生发展的相关性.方法:选取ESA患者30例作为研究组,分为流产A组和B组,选取同期经B超证实为活胎、要求行人工流产的正常早孕妇女15例作为对照组(正常早孕组).采用体视学方法测定各组绒毛血管的长度密度(Lv)、表面积密度(Sv)和体积密度(Vv).结果:流产A组Lv与正常早孕组比较显著降低(P<0.05),流产A组Sv、Vv与正常早孕组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);流产B组Lv、Sv、Vv与正常早孕组、流产A组比较均显著降低(P<0.05).结论:ESA患者绒毛组织的血管生成异常,绒毛血管生成异常参与了早期自然流产的发生发展过程.     

低温下豆瓣菜(Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)浮床对池塘废水的净化效果

池塘常在冬季排水清塘,导致大量富营养化废水进入周围环境造成污染,因此研究低温下净化养殖废水对于保护环境、实现渔业可持续发展具有重要意义.采用室内模拟试验比较低温条件下(3.3-17.2℃)不同生物量的豆瓣菜浮床对池塘养殖废水中氮磷营养盐、高锰酸盐指数和叶绿素a的去除效果.试验共设置5个梯度水平,包括1个对照组(0 g/m~2)和4个处理组(100、200、300、400 g/m~2).结果显示豆瓣菜浮床能够降低水体p H值、溶解氧、电导率、氮磷营养盐浓度、高锰酸盐指数和叶绿素a浓度.试验第28和35天处理组4总氮去除率显著高于其他组(P0.05).NH4-N去除率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,各组NH4-N去除率间没有显著差异.第7和14天各处理组的NO2-N去除率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且随着生物量的增加去除速率逐渐升高.第7天处理组1-3的NO3-N去除率显著高于对照组(P0.05),但试验后期各组NO_3-N去除率间无显著差异.第7天处理组2和处理组4中总磷去除率显著高于对照组(P0.05),后期各组间无显著差异.第21天对照组高锰酸盐指数去除率显著高于处理组3和4(P0.05),但与处理组1和2没有显著差异.第21天处理组2的叶绿素a去除率显著高于其他各组(P0.05).综上认为豆瓣菜可作为低温条件下净化池塘养殖废水的浮床植物,综合考虑成本和净化效率其种植生物量为200 g/m~2较适宜.     

综合护理干预对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗临床观察及效果评价

目的分析探讨护理干预对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的临床效果.方法选取84例慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组42例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组通过饮食卫生、用药护理、情绪护理、健康教育护理等,比较两组患者用药依从性、患者的满意度、健康教育达标率.结果观察组在患者的用药依从性、住院的满意度、健康教育达标率等方面优于对照组.结论对抗病毒治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者实施饮食、心理护理、健康教育可以有效消除或缓解患者焦虑情绪,提高患者满意度和用药依从性,使患者有效配合抗病毒治疗.     

胰十二指肠切除术患者的心理干预等个性化护理效果分析

目的:对胰十二指肠切除术抑郁症患者住院期间实施包括心理干预在内的个性化护理并评价其效果.方法:将我院2009年3月至2012年3月收治胰十二指肠切除术患者56例后随机分成对照组和干预组各28例,对照组接受常规护理,干预组住院期间接受心理干预在内的个性化护理.在入院当天、术前天和出院前1天对两组患者进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)并比较两组患者的SDS和分值,统计两组患者住院时间和并发症.结果:干预组患者SDS分值的降低幅度较对照组明显;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)前者住院时间、并发症要少于后者,且满意率高.结论:心理干预等个性化护理能有效改善患者围手术期的抑郁情绪,减少并发症,有助于早期康复.表2,参10.     

Induction of metamorphosis of two species of sea urchin from Sea of Japan

The induction of metamorphosis in mature larvae by selected chemical compounds and natural substrata was investigated in two species of sea urchins from the Sea of Japan, Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Scaphechinus mirabilis. Glutamine in crystalline form was added directly to water containing mature larvae, and this compound, at a final concentration of 10 g ml^-1, was an inducer of metamorphosis in S. intermedius (100% activity) and S. mirabilis (50% activity). Gutamine, or its natural mimetic molecules, may be an active component of the exogenous cue that induces metamorphosis of S. intermedius larvae. This exogenous cue was produced by the epiphytic calcareous algae, Melobesia spp. that colonized the older sea grass Zostera marina. Glutamic acid was also used as an inducer of metamorphosis for S. intermedius and S. mirabilis larvae (50 to 60% activity), but it was toxic to the larvae.     

1株微小杆菌对4种蓝藻的生长影响

利用过滤的天然珍珠养殖水参照BG11配制加富培养液,将1株能促进鱼害微囊藻生长的微小杆菌属菌株(Exiguobacterium sp.013,简写为E.sp.013)进行纯化扩大培养后与铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flosaquae)、平裂藻(Merismopedia sp.)和惠氏微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii)按一定菌、藻密度比例同时接种后进行为期24 d的培养试验,利用特定生长率和细胞密度等指标观察并检验E.sp.013菌株对4种蓝藻生长的影响,同时检测培养液中优势菌群的数量变化趋势.结果表明:E.sp.013菌对铜绿微囊藻、水华微囊藻和惠氏微囊藻具有显著促生长和延长稳定生长期作用,对平裂藻不具有显著促生长作用,但对延长其稳定生长期具有显著效果;试验培养过程中E.sp.013菌落数量占所有菌落总数的比例始终高于46％,处于绝对优势地位,表明E.sp.013菌具有调控其他菌群的能力.     

南京城市西部遗产廊道规划

南京城市西部历史时期是城市的重要边界,现在逐渐演变成老城与新区之间的核心地带,成为公共活动的重要地区,保护其自然、文化遗产和生态环境具有非常重要的意义。在对其现状调查分析的基础上,梳理遗产点的历史概况、现状及其分布情况,提出规划遗产廊道的意义,探讨规划的具体思路,为南京遗产保护提供了新的视角。     

《生态毒理学报》主编简介

<正>王子健,男,1953年10月出生,博士,研究员,博士生导师．1976年中国科技大学毕业后到中科院生态环境研究中心工作．1983-1985年在瑞士留学,从事水质污染化学规律研究;1987年在日本从事生物样品生理活性物质分析方法研究． 1992-2000年担任中科院生态环境研究中心环境水化学国家重点实验室副主任、主任,兼环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室学术委员会委员,国家863计划污染控制技术主题专家组副组长,国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部第二届咨询专家委员会委员,国际环境地球化学与健康学会亚太分会理事,全球环境基金专家库成员等．同时担任环境科学学报(副主编)、过程工程学报、环境化学、湿地研究、地球与环境、美国Environmental Science and Health(A)等杂志的编委．王子健领导的研究小组主要研究天然水体和水处理过程中的水质转化、相关毒性和毒理变化以及健康和生态风险．内容包括发展新的环境监测技术,离体和活体生物毒性测试方法,污染物水体多介质过程,水质安全性评价以及水污染的健康和生态风险的指标和方法．在开发新型生物模拟采样技术和生物毒性测试方法体系、生活饮用水和再生水的安全性评价、持久性有毒污染物污染及其生态与健康影响等方面取得了丰硕的成果,相当一部分成果得到推广应用．     

Evaluation of adsorption potential of adsorbents: a case of uptake of cationic dyes

Adsorption potential of a commercial activated carbon (FS300) has been evaluated for the uptake of cationic dyes namely methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB). Though, there are numerous studies in literature which report the sorption of MB (more than 40 studies) and RB (more than 10), however none of these use a common parameter to report the capacity of the sorbent. A protocol, based on the equilibrium dye concentration has been proposed to measure the sorption potential of a sorbent. The Langmuir model can very well describe the experimental equilibrium data for both dyes (coefficient of correlation > 0.999). MB (Qm = 312.5 mg g(-1)) is more adsorbable than the RB (Qm = 144.9 mg g(-1)). Molecular weight and chemical structure of dye molecules seem to affect the dye uptake. The effect of pH on dye uptake has also been evaluated by varyingpH from 3 to 11. Uptake of MB increases with pH, wherein RB removal decreases with pH. Dyes could not be desorbed either by distilled water (0.06 and 0.11% for MB and RB respectively), or by 0.1 NHCl (0.136 and 3.0% for MB and RB respectively) indicating, chemical adsorption type of adsorbent-adsorbate interactions.     

利用回归分析确定降水入渗补给量

目前常用降水量乘以降水入渗补给系数的方法计算降水入渗补给量,此法不能表现降水特征、蒸发等因素对降水入渗补给的影响．为解决不同时间尺度、不同降水特征和蒸发情况下的降水入渗补给量,在分析郑州地下水均衡试验场地中渗透仪实测入渗量、降水和蒸发资料的基础上,利用均匀设计法选取最优的与降水入渗补给量关系密切的前期降水量和蒸发量的期次,然后利用回归分析建立各岩性和埋深的年、月和日尺度上的降水入渗函数,可以比较准确的计算降水入渗补给量．表3,参9．     

洞庭湖生态环境承载力分析

洞庭湖湖内冬枯水季节，有芦苇面积530km^2，草地面积800余km^2，泥滩地面积367km^2，天然水域面积约993km^2。湖洲之间隔水相望，河沟水系纵横交错，具“水浸皆湖，水落为洲”的地貌特征，呈现出支离破碎的形态面貌和典型的自然湿地景观。文章在大量调查的基础上，从自然和人文两个方面对洞庭湖的生态环境承载力或环境压力进行分析。     

接种污泥源对厌氧氨氧化启动效能的影响

厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)菌生长缓慢是影响其实际应用的主要问题之一,选取合适的接种污泥十分重要.本研究采用好氧污泥、厌氧颗粒污泥和厌氧消化污泥3种接种污泥,分别经过61、70和85 d的运行均实现了厌氧氨氧化过程,氨氮去除率分别为82%、92%和91%,总氮去除率达76%、82%和80%.分别接种3种污泥源的厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)R1、R2、1t3出水pH值最终稳定在8.4、8.5、8.5.好氧污泥呈絮状,但沉降性比接种前好,厌氧颗粒污泥解体后最终形成粒径集中在0.5～1.0 mm的污泥,厌氧消化污泥则呈沙化状态,有细小颗粒出现.根据厌氧氨氧化细胞产率系数及NH4+-N、NO2--N去除量和NO3--N生成量之间的计量学关系,估算出厌氧氨氧化菌产率系数(以1 mol NH4+产生的CH2O0.5N0.15量计)分别为0.080、0.105和0.114 mol·mol-1,说明反应器内厌氧氨氧化菌有不同程度的衰减.总体而言,厌氧颗粒污泥是富集厌氧氨氧化菌的最适污泥源.     

Effects of contrasting modes of larval development on the genetic structures of populations of three species of prosobranch gastropods

 In south-eastern Australia, the prosobranch gastropods Morula marginalba (Blainville), Cominella lineolata (Lamarck) and Bedeva hanleyi (Angas) have similar fine-scale distributions, but appear to possess very different dispersal capabilities due to contrasting modes of larval development. M.marginalba produce planktonic larvae, whereas C. lineolata and B. hanleyi undergo direct development in benthic egg capsules and emerge as crawling juveniles. To test for possible effects of contrasting life histories on levels of genetic variation within and among populations, a survey was conducted of allozyme variation at six polymorphic loci in 8 to 9 local populations of each species. Collections of snails were made between June 1992 and November 1993. Sampling ranges spanned between 162 and 180 km of coast. Regardless of larval type, proportions of single-locus genotypes in each collection were consistent with the recruitment of offspring which had been generated through random mating. However, genotypic diversity was lower in those species that undergo direct development. Loci surveyed in C. lineolata and B. hanleyi were polymorphic (i.e. frequency of most common allele <95%) in fewer populations than those examined for M.␣marginalba (P <0.001) and, where polymorphisms occurred, also possessed significantly fewer alleles (P <0.001). Consequently, average levels of expected heterozygosity were greater in populations of M. marginalba than in those of either of the other species (P <0.001). Genetic variation among populations, expressed as the standardised variance in allele frequencies (F _ST ), was inversely related to expected larval dispersal capability. The nine collections of M. marginalba showed little overall differentiation (F _ST  = 0.017; P <0.001), reflecting the ability of planktonic larvae to interconnect local populations, and so limit divergence due to drift and natural selection. In contrast, there were high levels of allelic heterogeneity among the nine collections of C. lineolata (F _ST  = 0.523; P <0.001) and eight collections of B. hanleyi (F _ST  = 0.140; P <0.001). These data imply that for species which undergo direct development, local populations are effectively closed and evolve largely independent of one another. Received: 3 May 1996 / Accepted: 12 July 1996     

Comparative study of the effects of temperature,salinity and oxygen tension on the rates of oxygen consumption of nauplii of different strains of Artemia

The effects of temperature, salinity and oxygen tension on the rates of oxygen consumption of three different strains of Artemia nauplii have been studied. When acclimated to a salinity of 30, nauplii from each of the three strains were able to maintain approximately constant rates of oxygen consumption over a wide range of oxygen tension. The ability to maintain respiratory independence during hypoxia was reduced, however, with an increase in either temperature or salinity. Nauplii of two of the strains (parthenogenetic diploid and tetraploid) showed a progressive increase in the rate of oxygen consumption with increasing temperature up to 35°C. Nauplii of the bisexual strain appeared to be less tolerant of exposure to temperatures >30°C, since at higher temperatures their oxygen consumption declined slightly. The differences between the nauplii of the different strains in their physiological responses to changing environmental conditions appear to correlate well with their seasonal occurrence in the field.