废家电中塑料的再生利用技术

家电中塑料的使用量较大,随着家电废弃量的爆发性增长,塑料的处理处置问题也成为现今研究及关注的热点。目前,塑料的循环利用是缓解资源短缺、解决环境污染的重要手段。以废旧家电中塑料的预处理、再生利用等工序过程为重点,介绍了废塑料的分选技术、清洗技术、破碎技术、造粒技术、改性技术、资源化利用技术等,为废塑料高效高值化利用提供了有效的途径。     

废家电中聚丙烯材料回收改性及其应用

随着家电更新速度的加快,废弃家电产生的大量废旧聚丙烯(PP)成为亟需解决的资源和环境问题。通过综述废旧PP的几种可行的改性方法,旨在提高废旧PP产品的科技含量,实现废旧PP高值化再利用,形成资源循环利用的产业链,并从家电中改性PP的应用现状来分析废旧PP改性材料资源化利用的前景及意义,为废旧PP改性材料的再利用市场提供了方向。     

废旧家电回收基金征收标准不日即将颁布

尽管国家有关拉动家电销售的刺激新政尚不明朗,但国家完善旧家电回收的决心已十分明确,相关新政也随之呼之欲出。商务部新闻发言人沈丹阳在近期召开的商务部新闻会议上透露,商务部将继续完善废旧家电回收渠道,将其纳入＂十二五＂期间废旧商品回收体系建设试点,加大支持力度,实现废旧家电回收利用规模化、产业化。     

家电回收基金开征利好有色再生企业

2012年7月1日起正式实施《废弃电器电子产品处理基金征收使用管理办法》（以下简称办法）。办法对家电生产和进口企业征收回收处理基金,补贴拆解企业,这利好家电回收拆解企业,更大的利好则是再生金属的利用。     

借鉴国际经验尽快依法建立废弃家电再生利用体制

1 前言 家电、电脑类产品是材料、技术密集性产品,搞好废弃家电等的再生利用,既可合理回收钢铁、有色金属和金银等贵金属及塑料等有用原材料,又可防止铅、镉、汞和氟利昂等有害物质对环境的污染.但由于分解技术复杂,故再生利用的难度较大.     

高校大学生教材循环利用态度的调查分析

高校教材数量多,使用寿命短,每年毕业季大量教材被废弃或当做废纸卖掉,缺乏良好的处理途径,造成严重的资源浪费。在提倡节约型社会和可持续发展的大背景下,以网络问卷的方式调查了在校大学生目前的教材利用情况以及对教材循环利用的态度,并查阅相关文献资料,综合分析实施教材循环的基础和现状,并提出相应的可行性措施和建议。调查结果表明,高校教材保存完好、学生参与教材循环利用的态度积极以及部分高校教材循环利用的经验相对成熟等。因此,高校具备实施教材循环利用的良好基础。教材循环利用的开展不仅可以获得生态效益和经济效益,还可以增强学生的环保节俭意识,对培育绿色环保的校园文化,培养学生社会责任感具有极大的帮助。     

废家电塑料再生资源化技术应用及发展趋势

家电使用寿命有2～10年,以中国16亿人口基数计算,产生的废家电塑料数量是惊人的．废家电塑料作为城市矿山的一部分,其具有资源和污染两方面的特性对废家电塑料进行再生利用可以降低废塑料随意堆放对环境的影响,以达到节约资源的目的。总结国外废家电塑料再生利用情况,结合国内再生利用前沿研究并对比分析,预测国内废家电塑料再生领域的发展趋势。     

完善我国废旧家电回收体系——兼评家电“以旧换新”政策的回收策略

家电"以旧换新"政策出台的重要目标之一,就是构建我国规范性的废旧家电回收系统,以配合《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》的实施。我国现有废旧家电的回收体系是以民间回收系统为主导,虽然存在环境污染严重等问题,但契合了我国废旧家电回收的特性和国情,具有极强的生命力与竞争性。构建一套可行的废旧家电规范化回收体系,必须立足我国国情,以现有回收体系为基础,进行相应的规范化改造和完善。     

废弃电器电子产品绿色回收工艺及集中处理案例研究

从废弃电器电子产品资源化的潜在价值、产业政策、环保政策等方面，分析了废弃电器电子产品回收及资源化基地建设的必要性。重点论述了大宗废弃电器电子产品的资源化方法及工艺，同时说明了这些技术及工艺应用的优缺点、产污环节及其控制方式。以佛山市废弃电器电子产品绿色回收拆解及资源循环利用示范基地为例，分析了废旧家电集中处理的可行性和优越性，同时介绍了该基地的建设情况、经济效益和环境效益。该基地的实施为其他城市同类废物回收提供了一个借鉴模板。     

济南市全力推进家电下乡和以旧换新工作

<正>新年以来,济南市全力推进家电下乡和家电以旧换新工作。据统计,1—2月份,济南家电下乡产品共销售41630台,同比增长181.3%;销售额8847万元,同比增长284.6%;实施家电下乡以来累计销     

Recycling rates of waste home appliances in Taiwan

The objective of this study is to provide a calculation of recycling rates of waste home appliances in Taiwan, for the EPA to amend these rates in order to increase the recycling efficiency. The recycling rate is calculated by a formula according to the statistical results obtained through: (1) an estimation of domestic use of home appliances using time series analysis with multiplicative seasonal ARIMA model, (2) a further estimation of generated waste home appliances based upon the estimated domestic use and the corresponding distribution of lifetime span, and (3) a cost analysis of recycling home appliances based on a sampling survey with stratified systematic sampling conducted among collectors and a survey on five recycling plants of waste home appliances. The suggested recycling rates in this study finally used by the EPA show that all of the recycling rates have increased compared with the rates in previous years. This study also implies that amending the recycling rates may only solve some recycling problems temporarily; however, the recycling system of waste home appliances in Taiwan has to be reformed to increase the recycling efficiency for the long term.     

Material flows of end-of-life home appliances in Japan

In Japan, the Law for the Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances came into effect in April 2001. This law aims to introduce appropriate waste treatment and promote the efficient use of resources so that we can achieve a sound material-cycle society. The law introduces a new framework for recycling that places obligations principally on the manufacturers and retailers of home appliances. Material flow analysis of this new framework is essential for evaluation of the system and for finding any problems that may exist. We therefore analyzed the material flows in facilities that recycle electrical home appliances. The mass balances in the recycling facilities were appropriately estimated. Then the potential destinations were surveyed and analyzed, even though the legal framework does not include flows after the recycling facilities. The potential destination after the facilities varies and depends on both the economy and the related regulations. Currently, considerable amounts of recovered materials are exported and recycled. However, the sustainability of these trades is unknown. Therefore, we should keep a close eye on the situation and make sure that our recycling system is adaptable to meet any future changes.     

国内外废旧便携式电池的循环利用比较

便携式电池包括一次电池和二次可充式电池，含有多种有色金属成分,如Ni,Cd,Mn,Li,Co,Cu,,Ag等。我国已成为世界电池生产、消费和出口大国，电池的生产消耗了大量的有色金属资源，其中包括国内紧缺的镍、钴金属等。分析了不同废旧电池的成分，介绍了废旧电池处理的主要方法。通过了解发达国家或地区，如欧盟、日本、美国、加拿大，以及国内在废旧便携式电池管理方面的立法和循环利用现状，发现国内废旧便携式电池的回收管理和循环利用工作存在很大差距。其主要原因是缺乏有效的收集设施，还没有建立基本的回收体系，法律监管力度不够，责任明细不清，公民回收意识薄弱等。     

Greenhouse gas emissions from home composting of organic household waste

The emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is a potential environmental disadvantage of home composting. Because of a lack of reliable GHG emission data, a comprehensive experimental home composting system was set up. The system consisted of six composting units, and a static flux chamber method was used to measure and quantify the GHG emissions for one year composting of organic household waste (OHW). The average OHW input in the six composting units was 2.6–3.5 kg week^?1 and the temperature inside the composting units was in all cases only a few degrees (2–10 °C) higher than the ambient temperature. The emissions of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were quantified as 0.4–4.2 kg CH₄ Mg^?1 input wet waste (ww) and 0.30–0.55 kg N₂O Mg^?1 ww, depending on the mixing frequency. This corresponds to emission factors (EFs) (including only CH₄ and N₂O emissions) of 100–239 kg CO₂-eq. Mg^?1 ww. Composting units exposed to weekly mixing had the highest EFs, whereas the units with no mixing during the entire year had the lowest emissions. In addition to the higher emission from the frequently mixed units, there was also an instant release of CH₄ during mixing which was estimated to 8–12% of the total CH₄ emissions. Experiments with higher loads of OHW (up to 20 kg every fortnight) entailed a higher emission and significantly increased overall EFs (in kg substance per Mg^?1 ww). However, the temperature development did not change significantly. The GHG emissions (in kg CO₂-eq. Mg^?1 ww) from home composting of OHW were found to be in the same order of magnitude as for centralised composting plants.     

Use and disposal of large home electronic appliances in Vietnam

In this study, e-waste flows of five large home appliances (color televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, personal computers, and air conditioners) in Vietnam are investigated. A social survey was performed to investigate the situation on using appliances in households as well as on the disposal of appliances by the first users. Future quantities of e-waste were estimated using a model that combines use of the Weibull distribution, the logistic function, and the population balance model. It was forecast that about 3.86 million appliances, or 114 000 tons, will be discarded in 2010, and about 17.2 million appliances, or 567 000 tons, in 2025, showing a rapid increase of e-waste in the near future.     

预测家电报废量的PQR法

提出了一种对某地区家电报废量的预测办法，该办法考虑了该地区的人口密度、人均拥有家电量及更新速度三个因素。用该办法对浙江省的家电报废量进行了预测。     

我国废旧家电管理制度体系初探

在对我国废旧家电的属性进行分析的基础上,研究了我国废旧家电管理涉及的对象及主要任务,强调了我国建设废旧家电管理制度体系的必要性,并提出了一系列管理制度的建议.