臭氧预处理对剩余污泥特性及厌氧消化的影响

研究了臭氧预处理对剩余污泥特性及厌氧消化的影响,考察了臭氧投加量对污泥特性的影响,并进行了预处理后污泥厌氧消化产气的实验。结果表明,当臭氧处理时间为15 min时,污泥上清液中SCOD含量达到最高为1 006.08 mg·L~(-1),较未处理污泥提高了420.85%。污泥上清液中蛋白质和多糖含量在臭氧处理时间为10 min时达到最高。氨氮的含量在15 min时达到最大值。三维荧光结果显示随着臭氧投加量的增加污泥中的富里酸类物质有不同程度的减少,在臭氧处理时间为20 min时富里酸类物质减少量最为明显。显微镜和扫描电镜结果显示随着臭氧投加量的增加污泥中的微生物细胞结构受到了不同程度破坏。厌氧消化结果显示当臭氧处理时间为10 min时,污泥产甲烷率达到最高为318.39 m L·(g·VS)-1,较空白对照组提高了396.00%。     

热碱预处理对高含固剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响及其动力学研究

以高含固剩余污泥为研究对象,考察不同碱投加量下热碱联合预处理对剩余污泥溶胞效果和厌氧消化性能的影响,并运用3种动力学模型对剩余污泥生物化学产甲烷潜力过程进行模拟。结果表明,热碱联合预处理有助于促进剩余污泥的溶胞效果,并且随着碱投加量的增加,溶胞效果不断增强,当碱投加量为80mg/g(单位质量SS的NaOH投加量计)时,COD、氮、磷的溶出量均达到最大值,分别为58 622.2、1 792.8、790.3mg/L,溶出率分别为54.9%、45.7%、37.6%。热碱联合预处理可有效改善剩余污泥厌氧消化性能,但碱投加量过大时对可能对产甲烷过程带来抑制作用,碱投加量为60mg/g时剩余污泥厌氧消化的累积产甲烷量最大,为158.9mL/g,较不进行热碱联合预处理的空白组(106.5mL/g)高49.2%。3种动力学模型中,锥体模型对厌氧消化产甲烷过程的拟合效果最好,不同处理条件下模型拟合相关系数R~2均在0.990以上,该模型可准确预测最终的累积产甲烷量,预测误差均在2%以下。     

添加剂对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢的影响

以表面活性剂与偏硅酸钠的混合物作为添加剂,考察了添加剂的投加量对餐厨垃圾厌氧产氢效果的影响.实验结果表明,添加剂能抑制产甲烷菌的生长,且接种污泥无需预处理即可提高产氢量.另外,随着添加剂投加量的增大.体系中氢气的浓度增大,在5 g(干重)餐厨垃圾投加添加剂为1.75 g时,产氢量为114.5 mL(以每克挥发性固体(VS)计).但从经济和实用两方面考虑,选择最佳添加剂量为1.00 g.     

剩余污泥混合对絮凝污泥厌氧消化的强化

为了考察絮凝污泥与剩余活性污泥混合中温(35℃)厌氧消化效果,分析了不同混合比例、不同投配率下的总化学需氧量(TCOD)去除率、挥发性固体(VS)降解效果,通过p H值与氨氮浓度的变化来分析各反应器的稳定性。结果表明:污泥混合后消化效果明显得到提高,且污泥消化效率随着投配率的增加先提高后下降。5%投配率时,絮凝污泥/剩余污泥(VS比)为1∶2时厌氧消化效果最好,TCOD去除率达到47.8%,VS降解率达到46.8%,分解单位VS产气量达到了435 m L/g,p H值与氨氮浓度分别保持在7.4和269 mg/L左右,混合污泥厌氧消化系统较稳定。这说明与剩余污泥的混合消化能有效提高絮凝污泥的厌氧消化性能。污泥絮体的显微分析表明:厌氧消化过程中絮体面积百分比逐步减小,污泥结构逐步解体,可以解释污泥消化的微观过程。     

CaO_2对污泥厌氧消化性能的影响

近年来,污泥厌氧消化得到了广泛关注,一方面能够实现污泥的减量化,另一方面又能得到有价值的消化产品。由于水解过程是限制厌氧反应的重要步骤,因此利用CaO_2强化污泥厌氧消化中水解和酸化过程。结果表明,适量的CaO_2的投加量能够显著促进污泥的水解和酸化过程,但对甲烷化有抑制作用。当CaO_2投加量为0.2g/g(污泥以挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)计)时,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的最大积累量为253.6mg/g,但CaO_2对VFA的组成影响不大。     

零价铁强化城市污泥与垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液协同厌氧消化

针对城市污泥(初沉污泥、剩余污泥)和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液2种市政废物的协同厌氧消化产气量不足的问题,采用投加零价铁的方式,探究零价铁对厌氧消化过程中产酸和产甲烷阶段的强化作用,并研究消化前后COD、VSS、氨氮以及上清液离子的变化。以初沉污泥与剩余污泥体积比4∶1、渗滤液添加量为15%的基质作为底物,投加不同浓度零价铁进行厌氧消化。结果表明:零价铁能有效提升协同厌氧消化系统中总挥发性脂肪酸产量、促进丙酸分解、进一步降解复杂有机物;当零价铁投入量为4 g·L~(-1)时,累计产甲烷量最高达189.65 mL·g~(-1)(以VSS计),相比对照组提升了30.1%,其产气速率符合一次函数和Scholl Canyon模型指数衰减规律;在25 g·L~(-1)和40 g·L~(-1)的高投加量零价铁条件下,产气高峰提前,但累计甲烷产量低于对照组;随着零价铁的投加量增加,COD降解率呈下降趋势,VSS降解率提升,氨氮变化不大;此外,消化液上清液中,正磷酸盐、硫酸根浓度明显减少,这与亚铁离子的混凝沉淀作用相关,同时也是削弱零价铁强化作用的原因之一。研究结果可为城市污泥和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液协同厌氧消化提供参考。     

臭氧预处理促进剩余污泥的水解酸化

以某城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为研究对象,探讨臭氧预处理对剩余污泥破解效果以及对后续水解酸化有机物释放的影响。实验结果表明,随着臭氧投加量的增大,污泥溶胞率增加,有机质释放到污泥液相中,SCOD、蛋白质和多糖含量都大幅增加。臭氧预处理有利于污泥水解酸化过程,臭氧投加量越大,SCOD和蛋白质释放越多;随着水解酸化过程的进行,SCOD和蛋白质的含量逐渐趋于稳定,VFAs的浓度增大,臭氧投加量150 mg/g SS污泥产生的VFAs浓度是对照组的1.82倍。     

臭氧预处理对高固污泥厌氧消化的影响

高固污泥的厌氧消化速率低下,严重限制了有机物的利用。在序批式反应器中探究了臭氧预处理对高固污泥厌氧消化的影响。实验结果表明臭氧预处理能够显著促进高固污泥的消化,且最佳臭氧的剂量为80 mg·g~(-1)(SS),相应的最大甲烷产量为238 mL·g~(-1)(VSS),是空白对照组的1.36倍。进一步研究表明,臭氧的投加能够促进溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD),溶解性蛋白质和多糖的溶出。最后NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P的溶出量进一步验证了臭氧能够促进高固污泥的溶出。     

电弧流溶胞技术促进污泥厌氧消化

为提高污水厂处理污泥时的厌氧消化速率,利用电弧流溶胞技术处理剩余污泥,研究电弧流溶胞技术对污泥破解预处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,与未经预处理的污泥相比,电弧流溶胞处理能够明显提高污泥厌氧消化效率,增加有机物含量和沼气产量。其中,经处理后的污泥TS、VS剩余量分别降低了8.3%和6.3%,COD增加了11.9%。厌氧系统平均产气量平均增加79.76 L/d,增加率45.82%,甲烷含量增加1.03 L/d,增加率102%。由此说明,电弧流溶胞技术可以提高厌氧消化反应中有机物的去除率,有效促进厌氧消化中污泥的水解过程,显著增加甲烷气体的产生量。在综合考虑运行费用和污泥消化效果的前提下,采取适宜的电弧流强化处理措施有一定的积极意义。     

超声与次氯酸钠耦合预处理剩余污泥的中温厌氧消化效果

以某城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为对象,通过实验研究了超声与次氯酸钠预处理对污泥的溶胞效果,以及对后续厌氧消化的影响。结果表明,超声与次氯酸钠耦合作用最优操作条件为超声声能密度1.0 W/mL,作用时间50 min。在此条件下,次氯酸钠投加量为4.023 mg/g SS时,对污泥厌氧消化改善效果最明显,剩余污泥产气率及甲烷含量较对照组分别提高了69.73%和10%。同时污泥VSS去除率由11.11%提高到21.24%,在一定程度上实现了污泥减量。     

厌氧系统中碱处理对污泥减量的影响

碱解预处理污泥和原污泥按一定比例进行混合后,投入厌氧反应器中进行消化,研究其对污泥减量化的影响。结果表明,该处理既可以提高污泥减量率,又能改善污泥厌氧消化性能,提高污泥产气量。当碱处理污泥和原污泥混合比为1∶3时,在混合初期由于稀释作用和水解中和作用,溶液的pH能迅速恢复到中性。SS减少48%,较对照组提高了10%;SCOD减少约80%,较对照组提高20%,而空白对照组因未发生溶胞作用,各参数值均处于较低水平,降解率也维持在较低水平。     

Effects of sludge recirculation rate and mixing time on performance of a prototype single-stage anaerobic digester for conversion of food wastes to biogas and energy recovery

Food wastes have been recognized as the largest waste stream and accounts for 39.25 % of total municipal solid waste in Thailand. Chulalongkorn University has participated in the program of in situ energy recovery from food wastes under the Ministry of Energy (MOE), Thailand. This research aims to develop a prototype single-stage anaerobic digestion system for biogas production and energy recovery from food wastes inside Chulalongkorn University. Here, the effects of sludge recirculation rate and mixing time were investigated as the main key parameters for the system design and operation. From the results obtained in this study, it was found that the sludge recirculation rate of 100 % and the mixing time of 60 min per day were the most suitable design parameters to achieve high efficiencies in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), and total volatile solid (TVS) removal and also biogas production by this prototype anaerobic digester. The obtained biogas production was found to be 0.71 m³/kg COD and the composition of methane was 61.6 %. Moreover, the efficiencies of COD removal were as high as 82.9 % and TVS removal could reach 83.9 % at the optimal condition. Therefore, the developed prototype single-stage anaerobic digester can be highly promising for university canteen application to recover energy from food wastes via biogas production.     

Steam-explosion pretreatment for enhancing anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludge.

This study evaluated the use of steam explosion as a pretreatment for municipal wastewater treatment sludges and biosolids as a technique for enhancing biogas generation during anaerobic digestion. Samples of dewatered anaerobic digester effluent (biosolids) and a mixture of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and biosolids were steam-exploded under differing levels of intensity in this study. The results indicate that steam explosion can solublize components of these sludge streams. Increasing the intensity of the steam-explosion pressure and temperature resulted in increased solublization. The steam-explosion pretreatment also increased the bioavailability of sludge components under anaerobic digestion conditions. Increasing the steam-explosion intensity increased the ultimate yield of methane during anaerobic digestion. Batch anaerobic digestion tests suggested that pretreatment at 300 psi was the most optimal condition for enhanced biogas generation while minimizing energy input. Semicontinuous anaerobic digestion revealed that the results that were observed in the batch tests were sustainable in prolonged operation. Semicontinuous digestion of the TWAS/biosolids mixture that was pretreated at 300 psi generated approximately 50% more biogas than the controls. Semicontinuous digestion of the pretreated biosolids resulted in a 3-fold increase in biogas compared with the controls. Based on capillary suction test results, steam-explosion pretreatment at 300 psi improved the dewaterability of the final digested sludge by 32 and 45% for the TWAS/ biosolids mixture and biosolids, respectively, compared with controls. The energy requirements of the nonoptimized steam-explosion process were substantially higher than the additional energy produced from enhanced digestion of the pretreated sludge. Substantial improvements in energy efficiency will be required to make the process viable from an energy perspective.     

金属铁铝对混凝强化初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响简

选取FeCl₃和AlCl₃·6H₂O作为混凝剂对城市污水进行一级强化混凝处理，降低二级生物处理的进水负荷，减少污水生物处理系统的能量消耗。主要研究混凝过程投加的金属盐对一级强化混凝产生的初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响。和剩余污泥相比，初沉污泥更适合厌氧消化处理，污泥降解性能和产气性能更高。当采用城市污水一级强化混凝处理时，污泥中的金属和金属盐水解引起的pH降低，使混凝强化初沉污泥的厌氧消化受到一定抑制。随着污泥中铝含量的降低和铁含量的增加，厌氧消化的COD降解率和挥发性固体（VS）降解率逐渐升高，生物气产量逐渐增大，产气速率加快。当混凝强化初沉污泥只含有铁时（铁含量为10.16 mg/L），混凝强化初沉污泥厌氧消化效果最好，产气稳定，而且产气速率高，生物气产量为237 mL，生物气甲烷含量为55.5%，降解单位VS产气量为0.80 L/g，均高于其他含铝的混凝强化初沉污泥。污泥中的铁对初沉污泥厌氧消化的抑制作用远远小于铝的作用，说明铁盐适合用于城市污水的一级强化混凝处理。     

金属铁铝对混凝强化初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响

选取FeCl3和AlCl2·6H2O作为混凝剂对城市污水进行一级强化混凝处理，降低二级生物处理的进水负荷，减少污水生物处理系统的能量消耗。主要研究混凝过程投加的金属盐对一级强化混凝产生的初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响。和剩余污泥相比，初沉污泥更适合厌氧消化处理，污泥降解性能和产气性能更高。当采用城市污水一级强化混凝处理时，污泥中的金属和金属盐水解引起的pH降低，使混凝强化初沉污泥的厌氧消化受到一定抑制。随着污泥中铝含量的降低和铁含量的增加，厌氧消化的COD降解率和挥发性固体（Vs）降解率逐渐升高，生物气产量逐渐增大，产气速率加快。当混凝强化初沉污泥只含有铁时（铁含量为10．16mg／L），混凝强化初沉污泥厌氧消化效果最好，产气稳定，而且产气速率高，生物气产量为237mL，生物气甲烷含量为55．5％，降解单位Vs产气量为0．80L／g，均高于其他含铝的混凝强化初沉污泥。污泥中的铁对初沉污泥厌氧消化的抑制作用远远小于铝的作用，说明铁盐适合用于城市污水的一级强化混凝处理。     

添加NaOH对水生植物固体厌氧发酵产甲烷的作用

为了提高木质纤维素生物质的甲烷产率,固体厌氧发酵以及预处理技术得到了广泛应用。本研究以水生植物菹草为例,探讨了厌氧固体发酵同步碱处理提高甲烷产率的可行性。采用2种来源的微生物(厌氧污泥和牛粪),初始生物质浓度为20%TS(total solid,总固体重量),考察不同的NaOH添加量(基于反应体系总TS 0%、2.0%、3.5%和5.0%)对菹草厌氧发酵产气和固体水解效率的影响。结果表明,与对照实验组相比,初始NaOH加入量为3.5%时,接种污泥和牛粪的实验组中甲烷总产量分别为787.1 mL和1 165.4 mL,与对照实验组相比(619.1 mL和834.8 mL),分别提高了27.1%和39.6%,而且接种牛粪的实验组中单位挥发性固体(VS)产甲烷率最高,为186.5 mL/g。对发酵后的木质纤维素残渣组分进行分析,结果表明,NaOH有助于促进菹草中纤维素及半纤维素的分解,以及木质素结构的破坏,从而提高了菹草厌氧发酵产气产甲烷效率。     

Solubilization of municipal sewage waste activated sludge by novel lytic bacterial strains

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are an extracellular matrix found in sludge which plays a crucial role in flocculation by interacting with the organic solids. Therefore, to enhance pretreatment of sludge, EPS have to be removed. In this study, EPS were removed with a chemical extractant, NaOH, to enhance the bacterial pretreatment. A lysozyme secreting bacterial consortium was isolated from the waste activated sludge (WAS). The result of density gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that the isolated consortium consists of two strains. The two novel strains isolated were named as Jerish03 (NCBI accession number KC597266) and Jerish 04 (NCBI accession number KC597267) and they belong to the genus Bacillus. Pretreatment with these novel strains enhances the efficiency of the aerobic digestion of sludge. Sludge treated with the lysozyme secreting bacterial consortium produced 29 % and 28.5 % increase in suspended solids (SS) reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal compared to the raw activated sludge (without pretreatment) during aerobic digestion. It is specified that these two novel strains had a high potential to enhance WAS degradation efficiency in aerobic digestion.     

Improved solubilization of activated sludge by ozonation in pressure cycles

The generation of a large volume of activated sludge (AS) from wastewater treatment has increasingly become a great burden on the environment. Anaerobic digestion is routinely practiced for excess waste sludge; however, the process retention time is long because of kinetic limitation in the hydrolysis step. We tested the feasibility of applying ozone in pressure cycles to enhance the disintegration and solubilization of AS with the goal to prepare them for digestion using reduced ozone dose and contact time. The AS was subjected to repetitive pressure cycles in a closed vessel in which an ozone gas mixture was compressed into the slurry to reach 1040 kPa in the headspace to be followed by rapid venting. For a returned AS with total COD (tCOD) of 8200 mg L(-1), a dose of 0.01 gO(3)g(-1) total suspended solids (TSS) delivered via 20 pressure cycles within 16 min resulted in a 37-fold increase of the sCOD/tCOD ratio (due to increased soluble COD, i.e. sCOD) and a 25% reduction of TSS, in comparison to a dose of 0.08 gO(3)g(-1) TSS via bubbling contact over 15 min that resulted in a 15-fold increase of the sCOD/tCOD ratio and a 12% reduction of TSS. Sludge solubilization was evidenced by increased dissolved contents of total phosphorous (from 10 to 64 mg L(-1)), total nitrogen (from 14 to 120 mg L(-1)), and protein (from <15 to 39 mg L(-1)) in the sludge suspension after treatment, indicating significant solubilization of AS.     

稀盐酸预处理对稻草厌氧消化的影响

为探明稀酸预处理对稻草厌氧消化的影响,采用不同浓度的稀盐酸溶液对稻草进行了浸泡预处理,并在完全混合厌氧消化条件下,研究了稻草厌氧发酵过程中的产气量、甲烷含量,发酵液中COD、pH值及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的变化情况.结果表明,增大稀盐酸溶液浓度会提高稻草厌氧消化反应的效果.分别经4%、8%和12%的稀盐酸溶液浸泡预处理...