近20年天津地区植被变化及其对气候变化的响应

植被与气候变化的相互关系在全球或区域尺度上得到了证明.研究特定地区植被动态变化及其与气候变化的关系,找出影响植被变化的     

农田生态系统服务功能研究进展

农田生态系统是人类社会存在和发展的基础,研究农田生态系统服务功能及其价值评估具有重要的意义.文章综述了国内外有关农田生态系统服务功能及其价值评估的研究进展;提出了农田生态系统服务功能的特点;将其服务功能类型划分为生产功能、生态功能和生活功能.分析了当前研究中存在的问题,如服务功能形成的微观机制及其参数研究欠缺;评价结果不准确;评价指标和方法有待完善等.因此,今后农田生态系统服务功能价值评估研究重点应着重于理论探索和方法完善方面,从农田生态系统微观形成机制入手,开展不同尺度和类型的农田生态系统功能价值评估研究,充分考虑影响其功能价值的因素,改进评估的手段、方法和技术,使评估结果更具可比性和实用性,为合理开发利用农业资源、管理农田生态系统,实现农业的永续发展提供理论依据和技术支持.     

膨润土负载壳聚糖修复土壤镉污染的效果

随着重金属污染土壤日益加剧,污染土壤修复和控制技术的研究越来越迫切.为利用膨润土原位修复土壤镉污染提供理论依据,采用平衡吸附试验研究了Cd2 在膨润土负载壳聚糖上的吸附行为.以90%脱乙酰度壳聚糖为原料,制备了膨润土负载壳聚糖颗粒吸附剂,用于吸附溶液中Cd2 .试验探讨了壳聚糖质量浓度对负载率的影响,结果表明,质量浓度3%的壳聚糖负载量最大,壳聚糖最大负载率达32.6%.吸附Cd2 最佳工艺条件是:壳聚糖与膨润土质量比为1∶20,膨润土负载壳聚糖颗粒吸附剂用量为15 g·L-1,溶液中Cd2 含量不大于200 mg·L-1, pH 值为6～8,吸附平衡时间为8 min,Cd2 去除率为99%.动态吸附Cd2 试验结果表明:质量浓度为 200 mg·L-1的含Cd2 溶液,流速为4～6 m(h-1,经壳聚糖-膨润土吸附剂一次处理后,溶液中Cd2 的残留量为0.7 mg(L-1.     

矽卡岩型钼矿尾砂中重金属Mo的淋滤实验研究

运用动态淋滤法实验研究了辽宁葫芦岛地区矽卡岩型辉钼矿浮选法产生的尾矿中重金属钼的淋滤行为(15 ℃和35 ℃,淋溶液pH值4～9).结果表明:淋滤液均呈碱性,钼的质量浓度为7.5～14.2 mg·L-1,淋滤累积质量为54～69 mg,占总钼的12.56%～16.54%;与Pb、Cu和Zn等重金属随酸性排水淋滤迁移不同,钼在碱性环境中具有较强迁移性;尾砂中斜长石和钠长石等矿物因具有较强的产碱能力形成了尾砂内部的碱性环境;尾矿中MoS2和MoO3在碱性环境下转化为MoO42-是迁移的主要机制.pH值为5～9时,淋滤累积质量与pH值正相关.因酸可溶态钼发生溶解,pH值为4淋滤累积质量大于pH值为5时的淋滤累积质量,排水仍为碱性.温度能够加速淋滤速率,35 ℃淋滤液中钼质量浓度比15 ℃的高7%～10%.因此,对该区尾砂应该设置标准尾矿库封存管理,否则将对环境造成严重影响.     

萘乙酸和Zn对大豆Cd胁迫伤害的缓解效应

为探讨植物生长调节剂对大豆Cd胁迫伤害的缓解效应,采用营养液培养试验方法,研究了喷施萘乙酸(NAA)和加Zn处理对3个Cd胁迫大豆幼苗的影响.结果表明,加Zn和喷施NAA均可降低Cd胁迫大豆幼苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(PRO)含量,可减轻膜脂的过氧化作用及蛋白质的水解;喷施NAA还可降低Cd胁迫大豆幼苗POD活性,提高硝酸还原酶(NR)活性;加Zn对Cd胁迫大豆幼苗NR活性的降低缺乏抑制作用,但降低沔1101叶片中POD活性,提高湘04-6和特早熟毛豆的POD活性,品种之间表现明显的差异性.     

城市景观河道不同类型驳岸界面微生物生态研究

对某景观河道鹅卵石驳岸、泥岸、石砌驳岸和砼仿木桩驳岸4种类型驳岸的河水/河床界面上覆水质及界面功能微生物生态多样性进行了研究.结果表明:4种驳岸的界面上覆水质以鹅卵石驳岸和泥岸较好,而石砌驳岸和砼仿木桩驳岸较差;界面上覆水和界面泥样的功能微生物菌群数量都以鹅卵石驳岸最多,泥岸次之,砼仿木桩驳岸最少.在鹅卵石驳岸上鹅卵石的堆砌增加了水体与驳岸的接触面积,为微生物提供了更多的生存空间.泥岸对污染物的吸附能力较强,为微生物提供了有利的生存环境,微生物数量较大.     

福建沿海水稻Cd、Pb、Hg等重金属含量变化规律

文章研究了福建沿海重金属高含量的水稻样品的区域分布规律,分析了不同品种的水稻对重金属吸收的差异.以该区10个流域两侧的水稻种植区为研究对象,系统采集了福建沿海水稻样品185件,采用干灰石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法,分析了籽粒中的Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn等重金属元素的含量,结果表明其平均值分别为0.005、0.08、0.33、0.17、2.94和14.62 mg·kg-1,显著高于台湾地区稻米的平均含量.对比大米国家食品限制值,有16.8%的样品的Pb超标;有11.4%的样品Cd超标.Hg、As的超标率相对较低,均只为0.5%.Cd、Pb含量高的样品主要集中分布在漳州、福州、福清等工业发达的城市周边地区.不同的水稻品种对重金属的吸收率完全不同,昌优964对Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb表现出高的吸收率,而糯米、803A1527等则表现出对Cd、As、Pb等低的吸收率.这些结果的获得为水稻安全标准评价和品种的优选提供了理论基础.     

基于GIS数字城市规划的应用研究

介绍了GIS在数字城市规划中的应用模式,针对数字城市建立了GIS数据模型、数字城市规划模型、数字城市基本模型、公众参与冲突的协调机制理论模型,在GIS概念的基础上,给出了数字城市的框架与关键技术,并对解决城市规划中的优势进行了分析.该方法表明,GIS技术在城市规划中能起到重要的作用.图2,参5.     

水压力对填石路堤稳定性的影响

基于极限平衡理论和Ordinary方法,采用Geo-slope软件分析了不同临界水位时水压力对高填石路堤稳定性的影响.结果表明:填石路堤稳定性系数随着临界水位的降低而增大.对于干沟高填石路堤,当临界水位低于路肩52 m时,水压力对路堤稳定性的影响可以忽略不计.在最低临界水位时的稳定系数为1.371,满足有关规范的要求.在最高临界水位时,稳定系数为0.921,比低水位时降低了32.8%,路堤的稳定性降低,且稳定系数不能满足有关规范的要求.因此,在进行填石路堤设计或施工时必须考虑水压力对其稳定性的影响,采取相应的工程措施保证路堤安全.     

On the behaviour of the residence time at the bottom of the mixed layer

To understand why the findings of Deleersnijder et al. [(2006), Environ Fluid Mech 6: 25–42]—the residence time in the mixed layer in not necessarily zero at the pycnocline—are consistent with those of Delhez and Deleersnijder [(2006), Ocean Dyn 56:139–150]—the residence time in a control domain vanishes at the open boundaries of this control domain—, it is necessary to consider a control domain that includes part of the pycnocline, in which the eddy diffusivity is assumed to be zero. Then, depending on the behaviour of the eddy diffusivity near the bottom of the mixed layer, the residence time may be seen to exhibit a discontinuity at the interface between the mixed layer and the pycnocline. If such a discontinuity exists, the residence time is non-zero in the former and zero in the latter. This is illustrated by analytical solutions obtained under the assumption that the eddy diffusivity is constant in the mixed layer.     

知识型员工的特点、激励及管理对策研究

知识经济时代，企业最宝贵的财富是知识型员工。知识型员工是生产力的代表。知识型员工的工作效率决定了企业的竞争能力．因此。如何激励知识型员工成为企业探讨的一个重要问题．本文从知识型员工的特点入手。按有关知识管理专家提出的激励因素，从四个方面阐述了对知识型员工的激励策略。并提出了对知识型员工的管理对策．     

豪猪消化系统的解剖研究

为了了解豪猪的消化生理,为豪猪的人工饲养技术研究提供基础依据,以达到高效饲养豪猪的目的,笔者对豪猪的消化器官进行了系统解剖研究.结果表明:豪猪的胃为单室胃.盲肠很发达,这与其能够消化植物纤维有关.豪猪肝脏很发达,其重量为402 g,是其体重的4.59%,肝脏分叶多而明显.     

Adjusting the economy to the new energy realities of the second half of the age of oil

Our research indicates that, due to the depletion of conventional, and hence cheap, crude oil supplies (i.e. peak oil), increasing the supply of oil in the future would require exploiting lower quality resources (i.e. expensive), and thus will most likely occur only at high prices. This situation creates a system of feedbacks where economic growth, which requires more oil, would require high oil prices that will undermine that economic growth. We conclude that the economic growth of the past 40 years is unlikely to continue unless there is some remarkable change in how we manage our economy.     

Splitting the tail of the displacement kernel shows the unimportance of kurtosis

Animals disperse in space through different movement behaviors, resulting in different displacement distances. This is often described with a displacement kernel where the long-distance dispersers are within the tail of the kernel. A displacement with a large proportion of long-distance dispersers may have impact on different aspects of spatial ecology such as invasion speed, population persistence, and distribution. It is, however, unclear whether the kurtosis of the kernel plays a major role since a fatter tail also influences the variance of the kernel. We modeled displacement in landscapes with different amounts and configurations of habitats and handled kurtosis and variance separately to study how these affected population distribution and transition time. We conclude that kurtosis is not important for any of these aspects of spatial ecology. The variance of the kernel, on the other hand, was of great importance to both population distribution and transition time. We argue that separating variance and kurtosis can cast new light on the way in which long-distance dispersers are important in ecological processes. Consequences for empirical studies are discussed.     

Observations on the function of the glands of the foot of the pediveliger of Ostrea edulis during settlement

The use during settlement of secretions of the 9 different types of gland in the foot of the pediveliger of Ostrea edulis L. was examined experimentally. During settlement, there is a progressive decrease in the crawling speed of the larva and a strengthening of its bond with the substratum. Both changes are related to (a) a change from ciliary to muscular pedal locomotion; (b) the increasing acidity and viscosity of the mucoid secretions used; (c) the secretion of a byssus thread by the glands of the byssus duet; (d) changes in the form and composition of this byssus. At the termination of settlement, the entire contents of 2 types of gland are discharged. Their secretions give rise to the cement which permanently fixes the larva to the substratum. The 9 types of gland are utilised sequentially in a manner closely related to the 6 phases recognised in settlement behaviour.     

高产玉米因土高效施肥技术研究

通过田间试验,研究广东省粤东河源灯塔盆地的粉砂坭地和粤北阳山县石灰岩山区的黄泥地氮、磷、钾养分的供应特性;高产玉米不同生育期吸收氮、磷、钾的规律,以及在不同土壤上氮、磷、钾肥的不同配比对玉米产量和经济效益的影响。根据试验结果进行统计,提出了高产玉米因土高效施肥技术方法。