镍对纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus．sp．）毒性作用研究

本文研究了重金属镍对一种淡水绿藻──纤维藻（Ａｎｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｅｓｍｕｓ．ｓｐ．）的毒性作用．结果表明：纤维藻对镍毒作用反应敏感．镍对纤维藻的半数有效浓度９６ＥＣ５０为０．３３μｇ／ｍＬ镍，当镍浓度≥０．４μｇ／ｍＬ时，纤维藻的生长受到明显抑制，生长滞期延长，光合作用受阻，细胞膜透性增加．当镍浓度为３．２μｇ／ｍＬ时，其蛋白质氨基酸含量明显下降．     

单种及混合培养条件下Fe、Mn对赤潮生物塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)生长的影响

研究了单种和两种混合世量培养条件下，Ｆｅ－ＥＤＴＡ（Ｆｅ＾３＋）、Ｍｎ（Ｍｎ＾２＋）浓度对甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻（Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｒｉｕｍ ｔａｍａｒｅｎｓｅ）生长及细胞大小的影响。同时考察了与其混合培养中的肋骨条藻（Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａ ｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍ）和圆筛藻（Ｃｏｓｃｉｍｏｄｉｓ ｃｕｓ ｓｐ．）的生长特性，结果表明在本实验的浓度范围内（Ｆｅ－ＥＤＴＡ，０－３．１５μｇ／Ｌ，Ｍｎ＾２＋，０－０     

HPLC法测定废水中苯胺类化合物

用乙醚为提取有机相，提取前先经碱化，提取后加酸使苯胺成盐，吹去乙醚，用ＨＰＬＣ法测定苯胺类化合物。方法适用于测定废水中苯胺类化合物。检出限：苯胺３．０ｎｇ，邻硝基苯胺０．５ｎｇ，对硝基苯胺１．０ｎｇ。线性范围：苯胺０．８１７－１３．０７２μｇ／ｍｌ，邻硝基苯胺０．１４６４－２．３４２４μｇ／ｍｌ，对硝基苯胺０．２５３－４．０４８μｇ／ｍｌ。精密度（ＣＶ）：苯胺２．３８％，邻硝基苯胺１．０９％，对硝     

溴甲酚绿－溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

建立溴甲酚绿（ＢＣＧ）－溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法。实验表明,适合的ＰＨ范围为５．５－９．０,λｍａｘ＝６１４ｎｍ,在８６μｇＣＰＢ存在下,十二烷基苯碘酸钠（ＳＢＳ）和十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）分别在０－８０μｇ／１０ｍｌ和０－７５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为２．９×１０＾４和３．１×１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１。用此法测定了     

镍对纤维藻毒性作用研究

本文研究了重金属镍对一种淡水绿藻－纤维藻的毒性作用。结果表明：纤维藻对镍毒作用反应敏感。镍对纤维藻的半数有效浓度９６ＥＣ５０为０．３３μｇ／ｍＬ镍，当镍浓度≥０．４μｇ／ｍＬ时，纤维藻的生长受到明显抑制，生长滞期延长，光合作用受阻，细胞膜透性增加。当镍浓度为３．２μｇ／ｍＬ时，其蛋白质氨基酸含量明显下降。     

催化反应－XRF测定痕量碘的研究

基于在稀硫酸介质中，碘对Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）氧化Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的反应，建立催化动力学－Ｘ射线荧光光谱（ＸＲＦ）法测定痕量碘．该法线性范围为０一２μｇ／２０ｍＬ，检测限为０．０２μｇ／２０ｍＬ．     

Cu（Ⅱ）─吡啶光度法测定间苯二酚的研究及应用

本文研究了Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、吡啶与间苯二酚的显色反应，发现在ｐＨ＝９．０ＮＨ３－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ缓冲溶液中，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、吡啶能与间苯二酚形成三元配合物，其最大吸收峰位于５８０ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数为５．０×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｃｍ（－１），配合物组成比为Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）：吡啶：间苯二酚＝１：２：１，间苯二酚浓度在０～８μｇ／ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。应用此法测定了环境水样中间苯二酚的含量，结果令人满意。     

诱导动力学-停流流动注射光度法测定水中铁的价态分布

依据Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）－Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－Ⅰ＾－氧化还原反应的诱导作用,提出了诱导动力学－停流光度法测定Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）的方法并建立了测定条件：〔Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）〕＝１．８×１０＾－３ｍｌｌ·Ｌ＾－１,〔Ⅰ〕＝２．０×１０＾－２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１,ｐＨ＝１．９,５９０ｎｍ;在此条件下,线性范围为０－２．２μｇ·ｍＬ＾－１,检测限为０．００９μｇ·ｍＬ＾－１Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）;２５倍的Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）对测定无干扰。测定Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）后,将Ｆｅ（     

溴甲酚绿－溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

建立溴甲酚绿（ＢＣＧ）－溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法。实验表明，最适合的ｐＨ范围为５．５－９．０，λｍａｘ＝６１４ｎｍ，在８６μｇＣＰＢ存在下，十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）和十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）分别在０－８０μｇ／１０ｍｌ和０－７５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为２．９×１０４和３．１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。用此法测定了河水和生活废水中的阴离子表面活性剂，相对标准偏差＜３．０％，样品加标平均回收率为９９．３％。     

组氨酸-Co(Ⅱ)光度法测定水中溶解氧的研究

以氧载体作显色体系,提出了组氨酸－Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）光度法测定水中溶解氧的方法;并用从实验中得到的（Ｃｏ）－（Ｏ２）关系,尝试用Ｃｏ标准溶液代替Ｏ２标准,解决了Ｏ２标准的难题。该方法简单、快速、取样量少、准确度高。ＤＯ的测定范围为０．１￣２０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Amino-functionalized core-shell magnetic mesoporous composite microspheres for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal

Amino-functionalized Fe3O4@mesoporous SiO/ core-shell composite microspheres NH2-MS in created in multiple synthesis steps have been investigated for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption. The microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, N2 adsorption-desorption, zeta potential measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer. Batch adsorption tests indicated that NH2-MS exhibited higher adsorption affinity toward Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） than MS did. The Langmuir model could fit the adsorption isotherm very well with maximum adsorption capacity of 128.21 and 51.81 mg/g for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）, respectively, implying that adsorption processes involved monolayer adsorption. Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption could be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetics model, and was found to be strongly dependent on pH and humic acid. The Pb（Ⅱ）- and Cd（Ⅱ）-loaded microspheres were effectively desorbed using 0.01 mol/L HC1 or EDTA solution. NH2-MS have promise for use as adsorbents in the removal of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） in wastewater treatment processes.     

Biosorption of cadmium(Ⅱ) and lead(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions（Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ）） followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.     

Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.     

Effects of Cd（Ⅱ） and Cu（Ⅱ） on microbial characteristics in 2-chlorophenol-degradation anaerobic bioreactors

The effects of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at 300 mg/L on anaerobic microbial communities that degrade 2-cholorophenol （2-CP） were examined. Based on the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） of 16S rDNA, bacterial community diversity and archaeal community structure were analyzed with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and cloning, respectively. Degradation capabilities of the anaerobic microbial community were drastically abated and the degradation efficiency of 2-CP was reduced to 60% after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, respectively. The bacterial community structure was disturbed and the biodiversity was reduced after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ for 3 d. Some new metal-resistant microbes which could cope with the new condition appeared. The sequence analysis showed that there existed common Archaea species in control sludge and systems when treated with Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, such as Methanothrix soehngenii, Methanosaeta concilii, uncultured euryarchaeote, and so on. Both the abundance and diversity of archaeal species were altered with addition of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at high concentration. Although the abundance of the predominant archaeal species decreased with Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ addition for 3 d, they recovered to some extent after 10 d. The diversity of archaeal species was remarkably reduced after recovery for 10 d and the shift in archaeal composition seemed to be irreversible. The 2-CP-degradation anaerobic system was more sensitive to Cu^2＋ than Cd^2＋.     

Biosorption of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

Introduction Toxic metal compounds are frequently used in industrial processes and are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their extended persistence in biological systems and tendency to bioaccumulate as they move up the food chain, they repres…