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1.
Bamboo charcoal(BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal(Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl 3 and HNO 3 solutions simultaneously,followed by microwave heating.The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) contaminants removal in water.The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and point of zero charge(pH pzc) measurements.Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation.The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L(2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure.The Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(Ⅱ).The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) strongly depended on solution pH,with maximum values at pH 5.0.The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0.The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well,and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC.The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) onto Fe-MBC was feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic under the studied conditions,and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role.These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.  相似文献   

2.
Simultaneous elimination of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater is still a great challenge.In this work,an iron-sulfur codoped biochar (Fe/S-BC) was successfully fabricated in a simplified way and was applied to the remediate the co-pollution of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The positive enthalpy indicated that the adsorption in As-Pb co-pollution was an endothermic reaction.The mechanism of As(Ⅲ) removal could be illustrated by surface complexation,oxidation and precipitation.In addition to precipitation and com...  相似文献   

3.
Hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) synthesized by redox of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide was used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) removal.The specific surface area,pore volume and BJH pore diameter of the HMO were 79.31m2/g,0.07cm3/g and 3.38 nm,respectively.The adsorption equilibrium at 298K could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation with q max value of 352.55mg/g.The negative values of G and the positive values of H and S indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The pseudo second-order equation could best fit the adsorption data.The value of the calculated activation energy for Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto the HMO was 38.23 kJ/mol.The uptake of Pb(Ⅱ) by HMO was correlated with increasing surface hydroxyl group content and the main adsorbed speciation was PbOH+.The final chemical state of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of HMO was similar to PbO.HMO was a promising candidate for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution.  相似文献   

4.
Introduction Toxic metal compounds are frequently used in industrial processes and are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their extended persistence in biological systems and tendency to bioaccumulate as they move up the food chain, they repres…  相似文献   

5.
农地土壤重金属Pb和Cd有效性测定方法的筛选与评价   总被引:10,自引:6,他引:4  
陈莹  刘汉燚  刘娜  蒋珍茂  魏世强 《环境科学》2021,42(7):3494-3506
作物重金属累积主要受土壤中重金属有效性的制约,由于土壤种类和污染特征的差异,目前尚无公认的有效态测定方法.为筛选建立适宜土壤铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)有效性评价的方法,本文选择重庆市4种性质差异较大的典型农地土壤:酸性紫色土、中性紫色土、石灰性黄壤和钙质紫色土,系统比较了氯化钙(CaCl2)、醋酸铵(NH4OAc)、盐酸(HCl)、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)和二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)这5种化学提取方法与梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)对供试土壤Pb和Cd的提取能力,并以黑麦草为指示植物开展盆栽试验,探讨不同提取剂提取量与植物Pb和Cd累积能力的相关性,进而综合评价不同方法的适宜性.结果表明,不同提取方法对Pb和Cd的提取量存在明显差异:酸性紫色土和石灰性黄壤中以HCl-Pb提取态含量最高,中性紫色土和钙质紫色土中则以EDTA-Pb提取态含量最高;除钙质紫色土以EDTA-Cd提取态含量最高外,其余3种土壤则是以HCl-Cd提取态含量最高.考虑提取量与植物吸收量之间的相关关系,在相同类型土壤上,可选择除CaCl2外的5种提取方法作为Pb的评价方法,Cd则是6种提取方法均较适合.在不同类型土壤中,EDTA-Pb提取态和DGT-Cd提取态含量与黑麦草地上部Pb和Cd含量相关性最高,相关系数分别为0.941和0.919,说明EDTA提取适用于不同类型土壤间Pb生物有效性的比较与评价,而Cd则以DGT技术最好,化学提取剂中以HCl较为适宜.  相似文献   

6.
The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions(Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)) followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.  相似文献   

7.
Multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) were synthesized using a tubular microwave chemical vapor deposition technique, using acetylene and hydrogen as the precursor gases and ferrocene as catalyst. The novel MWCNT samples were tested for their performance in terms of Pb(Ⅱ)binding. The synthesized MWCNT samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller(BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM) analysis, and the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) was studied as a function of p H,initial Pb(Ⅱ) concentration, MWCNT dosage, agitation speed, and adsorption time, and process parameters were optimized. The adsorption data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. On the basis of the Langmuir model, Qmaxwas calculated to be 104.2 mg/g for the microwave-synthesized MWCNTs. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of MWCNTs as an adsorbent, the kinetic data were modeled using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔH0, ΔS0and ΔG0were evaluated and it was found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The statistical analysis revealed that the optimum conditions for the highest removal(99.9%) of Pb(Ⅱ) are at p H 5, MWCNT dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed 160 r/min and time of 22.5 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Our results proved that microwave-synthesized MWCNTs can be used as an effective Pb(Ⅱ) adsorbent due to their high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.  相似文献   

8.
Although surface complexation models have been widely used to describe the adsorption of heavy metals, few studies have verified the feasibility of modeling the adsorption kinetics, edge, and isotherm data with one pH-independent parameter. A close inspection of the derivation process of Langmuir isothermrevealed that the equilibriumconstant derived from the Langmuir kinetic model, KS-kinetic, is theoretically equivalent to the adsorption constant in Langmuir isotherm, KS-Langmuir. The modified Langmuir kinetic model (MLK model) and modified Langmuir isothermmodel (MLImodel) incorporating pH factor were developed. The MLKmodel was employed to simulate the adsorption kinetics of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) on MnO2 at pH 3.2 or 3.3 to get the values of KS-kinetic. The adsorption edges of heavy metals could be modeled with the modified metal partitioning model (MMP model), and the values of KS-Langmuirwere obtained. The values of KS-kinetic and KS-Langmuir are very close to each other, validating that the constants obtained by these two methods are basically the same. The MMP model with KS-kinetic constants could predict the adsorption edges of heavy metals on MnO2 very well at different adsorbent/adsorbate concentrations. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of heavy metals on MnO2 at various pH levels could be predicted reasonably well by the MLI model with the KS-kinetic constants.  相似文献   

9.
磷酸盐、腐殖酸与粉煤灰联合钝化处理模拟铅镉污染土壤   总被引:19,自引:13,他引:6  
本研究利用过磷酸钙、腐殖酸、粉煤灰及其复配组合钝化处理人工模拟Pb、Cd污染土壤,并采用CaCl_2浸取法、三乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)浸取法以及BCR形态分级实验评价钝化效果,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜能谱(SEMEDS)分析土壤表面微观形态与结构,进一步探究其钝化机制.结果表明,除了腐殖酸单一处理,其他不同钝化处理均能降低土壤CaCl_2和DTPA提取态Pb、Cd含量,其中先添加过磷酸钙和腐殖酸,然后再添加粉煤灰的联合处理实验组效果最佳.土壤pH值与CaCl_2、DTPA提取态Pb含量存在微弱的正相关关系,与CaCl_2、DTPA提取态Cd含量存在负相关关系,速效磷含量与二者都存在显著的负相关关系,说明速效磷含量是控制土壤Pb、Cd活性的主要因素.施用磷酸盐、腐殖酸和粉煤灰可以促进Pb、Cd由活性较高的弱酸提取态向活性低的残渣态转化,从而有效降低Pb、Cd的迁移能力.XRD和SEM-EDS分析表明,过磷酸钙钝化重金属的机制主要是通过离子交换作用将重金属转化为难溶的Ca-重金属混合磷酸盐,3种钝化剂联合作用机制主要通过溶解/沉淀以及表面吸附作用将重金属转化为稳定的磷酸铅沉淀[Pb_3(PO_4)_2]或者混合重金属矿物[PbFe_3(SO_4)(PO_4)(OH)_6],从而有效钝化重金属.  相似文献   

10.
Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.  相似文献   

11.
The adsorption characteristics of heavy metals: Cu(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) ions on tourmaline were studied. Adsorption equilibrium was established. The adsorption isotherms of all the four metal ions followed well Langmuir equation. Tourmaline was found to remove heavy metal ions efficiently from aqueous solution with selectivity in the order of Pb(Ⅱ)〉Cu(Ⅱ)〉Cd(Ⅱ)〉Zn(Ⅱ). The adsorption of metal ions by tourmaline increased with the initial concentration of metal ions increasing in the medium. Tourmaline could also increase pH value of metal solution.The maximum heavy metal ions adsorbed by tourmaline was found to be 78.86, 154.08, 67.25, and 66.67 mg/g for Cu(Ⅱ), Pb(U), Zn(Ⅱ) and Cd(U), respectively. The temperature (25-55℃) had a small effect on the adsorption capacity of tourmaline. Competitive adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) ions was also studied. The adsorption capacity of tourmaline for single metal decreased in the order of Pb〉Cu〉Zn 〉Cd and inhibition dominance observed in two metal systems was Pb〉Cu, Pb〉Zn, Pb〉Cd, Cu〉Zn, Cu〉Cd, and Cd〉Zn.  相似文献   

12.
采用白腐菌和纳米零价铁(nZVI)联合体系强化去除水中Cd (II),并考察pH值、Cd (II)初始浓度、温度、nZVI投加量对Cd (II)去除的影响,分析nZVI对白腐菌胞内外富集镉的影响特性,同时结合扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、三维荧光光谱等手段分析联合体系对Cd (II)的强化去除机制.结果表明,在pH=6,Cd (II)初始浓度为50mg/L,温度为30℃,nZVI投加量为0.1g/L的条件下反应180min后,Cd (II)的去除率可达到99.5%以上.联合体系对Cd (II)的去除过程符合准二级动力学,主要去除机制为白腐菌对Cd (II)的胞外络合吸附,添加nZVI能促进白腐菌对Cd (II)的胞外吸附,FTIR和XPS分析表明,羟基、羧基和氨基参与了Cd (II)的吸附,白腐菌胞外聚合物(EPS)能与铁发生内层配位形成P-O-Fe键,加速富含羟基官能团的纤铁矿、磁铁矿等铁矿物形成,从而促进对溶液中Cd (II)的吸附去除.  相似文献   

13.
The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.  相似文献   

14.
传统生物炭材料对水中氨氮(NH+4-N)的吸附效果不佳.以生物炭为载体负载纳米零价铁制得生物炭基纳米零价铁复合吸附剂nZVI@BC,通过吸附实验,考察nZVI@BC对NH+4-N的吸附特性,并采用SEM-EDS、 BET、 XRD和FTIR分析nZVI@BC的组成和结构特性,探讨nZVI@BC吸附NH+4-N的主要机制.结果表明,在298K下铁/生物炭质量比为1∶30时制备的复合吸附剂(nZVI@BC1/30)对NH+4-N的吸附性能最佳,比负载前生物炭的吸附量提高了45.96%,饱和吸附量可达16.60 mg·g-1.伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型更符合nZVI@BC1/30对NH+4-N的吸附过程.共存阳离子与NH+4-N之间存在竞争吸附,其对nZVI@BC1/30吸附NH+  相似文献   

15.
采用无机或有机酸修饰-磁化的方法研制海泡石吸附材料H-Sep(盐酸修饰)、N-Sep(硝酸修饰)、P-Sep(磷酸修饰)和A-Sep(醋酸修饰),并借助SEM、TEM、EDS、BET、FT-IR、VSM及XPS等手段表征分析改性前后海泡石的结构特征.同时,在不同投加量、pH、温度和溶液浓度等因素条件下,考察了酸修饰-磁化海泡石对水体Cd(II)吸附效果的影响.结果表明,改性材料取得最佳吸附效果时的投加量为5g·L-1,pH为6.5,拟合结果更符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温方程.其中,P-Sep的吸附效果最好,其最大理论吸附量为52.6 mg·g-1.VSM结果表明,H-Sep、N-Sep和A-Sep是磁化分离效果较好的材料,而P-Sep的磁化分离效果不佳.此外,Na+、Cl-等阴阳离子对酸修饰-磁改性海泡石吸附性能没有太大影响,而重金属离子如Pb(II)、Zn(II)会对其吸附过程产生抑制作用.XPS吸附机理分析表明,酸修饰-磁化改性将新的功能基团引入海泡石结构,极大地提升了吸附性能.  相似文献   

16.
The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years. In this study, Friedel’s salt (FS:3CaO·A12O3 ·CaCl2 ·10H2O), a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent, was synthesized to remove Cd2+ from water. The adsorption process was simulated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption mechanism was further analyzed with TEM, XRD, FT-IR analysis and monitoring of metal cations released and solution pH variation. The results indicated the adsorbent FS had an outstanding ability for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) removal can reach up to 671.14 mg/g. The nearly equal numbers of Cd2+ adsorbed and Ca2+ released demonstrated that ion-exchange (both surface and inner) of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) played an important role during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the surface of the FS after adsorption was microscopically disintegrated while the inner lamellar structure was almost unchanged. The behavior of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption by FS was significantly affected by surface reactions. The mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption by the FS mainly included surface complexation and surface precipitation. In the present study, the adsorption process was fitted better by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9999) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.8122). Finally, due to the high capacity for ion-exchange on the FS surface, FS is a promising layered inorganic adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from water.  相似文献   

17.
A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 (NH2-Mn-SBA-15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) onto manganese-loaded SBA-15 (Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu2 + adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the NH2-Mn-SBA-15. The ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained after modification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu2 + on NH2-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH2-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu2 + was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu2 + by NH2-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu2 +. The NH2-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption–desorption experiments showed that the NH2-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties.  相似文献   

18.
Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.  相似文献   

19.
土壤有机质和镉对金霉素吸附-解吸的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
万莹  鲍艳宇  周启星 《环境科学》2010,31(12):3050-3055
金霉素已经广泛应用于兽药生产和疾病治疗.由于动物废弃物的土地应用和其它输入来源,重金属与四环素类抗生素往往共存于土壤环境中.基于OECD 106号指导准则,采用批量平衡实验方法,研究了金霉素及其与镉复合后在褐土及去有机质褐土中的吸附和解吸行为.结果表明,在单一和复合污染条件下,金霉素在褐土和去有机质褐土中的吸附和解吸等温线都可以用Freundlich模型进行良好地拟合.在金霉素单一污染和金霉素-镉复合污染条件下,去除有机质能够增加金霉素在褐土中的吸附容量(Kf)和吸附强度(1/n).金霉素在土壤上的解吸过程存在明显的滞后现象,在单一污染物情况下,金霉素在去有机质褐土的解吸滞后现象增强,其HI从0.81增加到1.06;而加镉后这种现象反而有所减弱,其HI从1.11减低到0.84.本研究为建立更加完善的模型以预测金霉素环境浓度或评价其环境风险,提供了可利用的数据和参数.  相似文献   

20.
A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 (NH2-Mn-SBA- 15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) onto manganeseloaded SBA-15 (Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu2+ adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), N2 adsorption/ desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the NH2-Mn-SBA-15. The orderedmesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained aftermodification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu2+ on NH2-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH2-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu2+ was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu2+ by NH2-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu2+. The NH2-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that the NH2-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties.  相似文献   

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