电-Fenton法对五氯酚的降解研究

研究了电化学方法对五氯酚的降解过程.分别以石墨和铂分别作为阴极和阳极,对电解电压、电解质浓度和pH等影响因素进行了优化.在优化条件下,剂量的Fe3+或Fe2+都能够较大程度地增加五氯酚的处理效果,表明活性中间体H2O2的存在和Fenton试剂的产生.在该电-Fenton体系下,对五氯酚处理过程中氯离子释放量和五氯酚浓度降低之间的关系进行了分析,并以GC/MS对处理中间过程和最终过程的物质进行了分析鉴定,提出了相应的降解机理和途径.反应动力学分析表明,反应初始阶段呈一级反应动力学过程,后续阶段出现对一级动力学过程的偏移.     

粉末活性炭的Fenton氧化再生

采用Fenton氧化法对吸附处理染料废水后的饱和粉末活性炭(饱和炭)进行再生,考察了饱和炭的再生效果及其主要影响因素。实验结果表明:饱和炭的最佳再生条件为H2O2投加量6.5 mmol/g、再生p H 3.0、H2O2与Fe2+的摩尔比10、再生时间1 h;最佳条件下的再生率(再生粉末活性炭(再生炭)与新粉末活性炭对废水COD去除率的百分比)约为60%;使用最佳再生条件下得到的再生炭对废水进行吸附处理,废水的COD去除率和脱色率分别约为27%和67%。     

活性炭催化臭氧氧化处理低浓度氨氮废水

采用活性炭催化臭氧氧化法处理低浓度氨氮废水,考察了模拟废水pH、活性炭加入量、臭氧流量等因素对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:活性炭对臭氧有明显的催化作用,并可提高臭氧的利用率;在高pH条件下,OH-能促进臭氧分解生成·OH,·OH氧化性强且反应速率快,有利于氨氮的去除;增大臭氧流量可减小气液传质过程中的阻力,使氨氮去除率增加;在初始氨氮质量浓度为35 mg/L、活性炭加入量为10.0 g/L、臭氧流量为30 mg/min、模拟废水pH为11.0的条件下,反应90 min后,氨氮去除率可达97.6％,相对于单独活性炭吸附和臭氧氧化过程,氨氮去除率有了显著提高.     

TiO2催化高压脉冲放电等离子体降解2，4-二硝基苯酚

采用TiO2催化高压脉冲放电等离子体降解废水中的2,4-二硝基苯酚,对反应进行了动力学研究.研究结果表明,在高压脉冲放电等离子体及TiO2催化高压脉冲放电等离子体反应中,2,4-二硝基苯酚的降解过程均符合表观一级反应动力学方程.加入TiO2催化剂、提高放电电压均可提高2,4-二硝基苯酚的降解反应速率常数.在TiO2加入量为0.15%、放电电压为16 kV时,2,4-二硝基苯酚的降解率为87.4%,TiO2的催化效应增强因子为1.55.     

微波辐照处理高浓度邻苯二甲酸二辛酯生产废水

以活性炭为催化剂，采用微波辐照处理高浓度邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）生产废水，考察了各种因素对废水COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明，在活性炭加入量为30g/L、微波功率为400W、辐照时间为4min的条件下，COD去除率为86．3％。使用过的活性炭可用质量分数为20％的硫酸溶液浸泡，浸泡时间120min时，COD去除率最高（约为86％），再生后的活性炭可重复利用。反应动力学研究表明，该过程近似符合一级反应动力学规律。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取再生吸苯活性炭的研究

以工业废水中的典型污染物苯作为单一吸附质,进行了超临界二氧化碳萃取再生活性炭研究,探讨了操作温度、操作压力、CO2流速、活性炭粒度、循环再生次数等因素对再生效率及再生速率的影响。试验结果表明,超临界CO2对活性炭中的苯具有良好的再生效果。     

活性炭催化臭氧氧化法处理奥里油加工废水

用活性炭作催化剂,对奥里油脱水加工过程中产生的高浓度有机废水进行催化臭氧氧化处理,研究了活性炭加入量、pH和空气进气流量对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,对于所处理的200mL废水,在活性炭加入量为10g、pH为9、进气流量为0．12m^3／h的最佳反应条件下,反应30min时,COD去除率可从单独臭氧氧化的不到10％提高到60％左右。降解的效率依赖于溶液的pH;初始COD越高,对臭氧的利用率越高。重复使用7次后,活性炭对COD的去除率没有明显改变。     

高压脉冲放电-臭氧氧化处理活性艳红K-2BP废水

自制电压为10kV的高压脉冲放电反应器，对质量浓度为200mg／L的模拟活性艳红K-2BP废水进行脱色和去除COD实验。实验结果表明：通氧气高压脉冲放电与高压脉冲放电相比，废水脱色率提高了1．3％，约为6％，COD去除率提高了3％，达14％；高压脉冲放电协同臭氧氧化与臭氧氧化相比，反应初期废水脱色率提高了约10％，反应30min后废水脱色率均达99％以上，COD去除率提高了15．2％，达80％。向废水中加入Na2CO3可使COD去除率明显下降；加入NaCl，在臭氧氧化条件下，COD去除率由66．86％降至58．86％；而加入Na2SO4后COD去除率升至81．70％。     

微波再生泥质活性炭的研究

研究了微波再生泥质活性炭的最佳条件及各影响因素对饱和泥质活性炭再生性能的影响。以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料制备泥质活性炭,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物污染泥质活性炭,探索了辅助溶液浓度、微波功率、辐照时间及泥质活性炭质量对再生性能的影响规律。结果表明,2 g饱和泥质活性炭在碱液浓度为30 g.L-1,微波功率为300 W,辐照时间为90 s时,性能恢复率最高,再生损耗率最小。碱液辅助微波再生泥质活性炭是一种可行的泥质活性炭再生方法。     

粉末活性炭法去除焦化废水中的COD

研究比较了粉末活性炭和柱状活性炭对焦化废水COD的去除效率,重点研究了粉末活性炭不同粒径和投加量等因素对COD去除效率的影响.结果表明,与柱状活性炭相比,粉末活性炭对COD去除率有明显提高,COD的去除率可高达98.5%;同时,粉末活性炭对COD的去除率受其粒径大小、曝气与否及投加量等因素的影响.     

甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.     

饱和吸附2,4-二硝基甲苯后活性炭的电化学再生

以2,4-二硝基甲苯为吸附物,对吸附饱和的活性炭进行电化学再生,考察了再生时间、电流密度、体系pH、电解质NaCl质量浓度等对再生效果的影响。最佳的电化学再生工艺条件为电解质NaCl质量浓度15.0 g/L,电流密度20 mA/cm~2,体系pH为 5,再生时间2 h,在此条件下活性炭再生率可达102.57%。再生前后活性炭的微孔结构基本不变,微孔孔径分布于0.3～1.0 nm。再生后活性炭的比表面积增大,石墨化程度提高,表面含氧基团含量增加,总氧含量增加,碳含量有所下降。     

苯乙烯废水活性炭吸附装置的评价及改进研究

对抚顺石化公司化工塑料厂苯乙烯废水活性炭吸附装置的预处理设施、活性炭吸附及再生性能进行了评价，分析了出水水质超标的主要原因，用混凝沉淀－砂滤流程改进了原处理工艺，使出水水质得到了显著改善。     

黑索金废水的处理

以球形活性炭为吸附剂，用吸附法处理黑索金（ＲＤＸ）废水，出水能够达到国家排放标准，球形活性炭的动态饱和吸附量为０．１２３－０．１４０ｇ／ｇ，吸附带长为２ｍ。吸附饱和的球形活性炭，可用碱液以复再生。笔者还提出了数学模型，导出了处理实验数据公式，此公式可推广应用于同类吸附实验数据处理。     

Wet oxidative regeneration of activated carbon loaded with reactive dye

Wet Oxidative Regeneration (WOR) of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) loaded with the reactive dyes, namely chemictive brilliant blue R and cibacron turquoise blue G, was studied. Attempts were made to regenerate the loaded carbons designated now as spent carbon. A slurry (10% w/v) of spent carbon in distilled water was oxidized by wet oxidation in the temperature range of 150-250 degrees C using oxygen partial pressures between 0.69-1.38 MPa in an 1 1 SS 316 autoclave. The percent regeneration was determined from a ratio, X(RC)/X(VC), corresponding to an equilibrium adsorption capacity of regenerated carbon/equilibrium adsorption capacity of virgin carbon from an initial adsorption period of 3 h. It was observed that the regeneration mainly occurred due to the oxidation of the adsorbates taking place on the surface of carbon. It was possible to regenerate the spent GAC and PAC to the extent of more than 98% (approximately X(RC)/X(VC) > 0.98) by wet oxidation. After four consecutive cycles of adsorption and regeneration using the same stocks of GAC, carbon weight loss observed at 200 degrees C was about 40%. SEM studies of the regenerated carbon showed widening of the pores and loss of structure between the adjacent pores as compared with the virgin carbon. PAC was found to be more suitable as compared with GAC for the adsorption and wet oxidative regeneration processes to treat the aqueous solution containing lower concentration of unhydrolyzed reactive dye. The suitability of wet oxidative regeneration is demonstrated at a bench scale to treat the synthetic reactive dye solution.     

Study on desulfurization performance of MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-based activated carbon from waste coconut shell for diesel emissions control

Increasing concern about the air pollution caused by sulfur dioxide (SO₂) from diesel exhaust has resulted in the improvement of low-temperature desulfurization materials for the combined SO₂ trap. In this study, coconut shell activated carbon (AC) is pretreated by nitric acid to prepare MnO₂-based activated carbon materials for SO₂ removal. The prepared materials are characterized intensively by SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. The SO₂ capture capacity of these materials are measured at low temperature by thermogravimetry, and the SO₂ equilibrium adsorption characteristic is also investigated. The results show that the concentrations of nitric acid do not significantly change the textural properties of MnO₂-based AC materials. The content of surface-oxygenated groups (carbonyl carbon and transition) initially increases with the HNO₃ concentration rising and reaches the maximum value when the HNO₃ concentration is 10 mol/L, resulting in the enhancement of the SO₂ capture capacity. SO₂ capture capacity of MnO₂-based activated carbon decreases after regeneration and keeps stable after several cycles of thermal regeneration. The experimental data for SO₂ adsorption on MnO₂-based AC composite can fit the Freundlich model well in comparison with Langmuir model.     

Bioremediation of PCP-contaminated soil: Bench to full-scale implementation

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widely used wood treatment agent and pesticide that is often listed among the contaminants at hazardous waste sites. Bench-scale studies were performed to develop a microbial culture and biodegradative process that could treat PCP at higher concentrations than previously reported. Several substrate formulations and culture techniques were evaluated. Ultimately a “self-feeding” (pH auxostat) continuous culture system (pH auxostat) was used to select for biodegradative activity with PCP as the carbon and energy source. After a period of 50 days, influent PCP concentrations reached 3,500 mg/liter at a dilution rate of 0.066 H^?1. Of the total theoretical chloride that could be released from PCP, 99% was detected as free chloride in the reactor effluent. PCP analysis of the effluent verified complete degradation by the microbial consortium. The reactor was converted to a constant PCP feed. At steady state conditions, the dilution rate was 0.05 H^?1 with an influent PCP concentration of 2,560 mg/liter and a biomass yield of 018 mg (dry weight) per mg of PCP. Mineralization studies performed with the microbial consortium using [U-14C1]-PCP indicated that 36.5% of the label was released as 14C-carbon dioxide.     

铁屑微电解法深度处理油田钻井污水

采用化学混凝-铁屑微电解法深度处理钻井污水。确定了最佳工艺条件：铁屑与活性炭的质量比为0．5，反应时间为2h，污水pH为1．0，温度为常温，反应后用石灰乳调节污水pH至12。处理后钻井污水COD可由原水的8065mg／L降至430mg／L，COD去除率大于94％，色度去除率达100％，达到国家综合污水三级排放标准。