生物法处理含氰废水的进展

综述了生物法处理含氰废水的进展,重点介绍了近年来国内外生物法处理含氰废水中所用的菌种及不同菌株的生理生化特性、氰化物的降解方式和在含氰废水处理中的应用.提出了生物法处理含氰废水的研究方向.     

土壤氰化物污染生物修复技术研究进展

综述了植物修复、微生物修复和生物联合修复等土壤氰化物污染生物修复技术的降解机理、降解途径及降解影响因素的研究进展,探讨了氰化物生物修复技术的发展趋势和应用前景。指出基于提高修复时效和针对土壤复合污染类型的多技术融合研究、基于提高微生物耐受性和降解效率的菌株固定化及菌根真菌-植物联合技术研究以及基于工程化应用为导向的现场试验研究是未来研究的重点领域,为土壤氰化物污染的综合治理和修复提出了新思路。     

氰化物污染土壤微生物修复方法初步研究

利用经过筛选和驯化的降氰菌处理氰化物污染土壤,实现氰化物的降解和去除,据此建立降氰菌修复含氰土壤的新方法。结果表明,降氰菌处理效果快速有效,经过3 d生物培养,氰化物降解率达到31.2%;随着培养时间延长,微生物群落代谢能力发生变化,在第3~8 d氰化物降解率增长缓慢,在第8 d达到33.3%。通过降氰菌种资源的筛选和应用,为氰化物污染土壤的修复提供了清洁、经济、有效的技术思路。     

含磁粉生物反应器处理苯酚废水

采用含磁粉生物反应器对质量浓度为120～350 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水进行强化生物处理.实验结果表明:添加适量磁粉可使废水中DO提高约10%;与不含磁粉生物反应器比较,含磁粉生物反应器工艺使填料挂膜时间缩短1～2 d,填料上附着微生物量增多;质量浓度为350 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水在20 h内的苯酚去除率可达80%,降解时间缩短了10 h.初步分析了添加磁粉提高生物反应器处理废水效率的机理.实验证实了含磁粉生物反应器工艺的合理运用是强化处理含酚废水的有效途径.     

含油废水中烃类污染物生物降解特性的研究

含油废水中烃类污染物生物降解特性的研究＊利用生物降解处理含油废水中的烃类污染物，不仅成本低、投资省，且无二次污染。生物降解治理含油废水的关键，是选育对特定污染物有较强降解能力的微生物。本研究用测定微生物在有机物存在时耗氧速率变化的方法，探讨含油废水中...     

国外化工废水厌氧生物处理技术的新进展

根据有关文献,对难生物降解有机污染物的厌氧降解性、国外化工废水厌氧处理,以及化工废水厌氧处理毒性问题作了综述。     

微生物技术在烟气脱硫中的应用

研究了微生物烟气脱硫原理和工艺.讨论了硫酸盐还原茵(SRB)的代谢途径、作用效果和关键影响因素.通过研究微生物技术应用于湿法烟气脱硫产物石膏的转化及脱硫废水中重金属的处理现状,提出了利用SRB生物还原技术,将烟气脱硫废水中的重金属转化为难溶性或不溶性盐类而得以去除的设想.同时展望了利用SRB生物降解硫酸钙,从而实现湿法烟气脱硫吸收剂重复利用的前景.     

多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物修复技术

对生物修复技术中的微生物进行了分类，并阐述了微生物生物降解土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的基本原理。在此基础上，分析了国内外微生物生物修复技术的发展概况，采用图示法重点综述了原位处理技术和非原位处理技术的工艺流程，并列举了相应的工程应用实例。     

油田含聚丙烯酰胺废水处理研究进展

综述了国内外处理含聚丙烯酰胺废水采用的物理化学法和生物降解法，对各种方法的除污机理、处理效果及优缺点进行了总结和分析。物理化学法主要包括絮凝沉淀法、光催化法、高级氧化法、超声波法、电渗析法等，易造成二次污染；生物降解法周期较长，但可解决二次污染的问题。从安全经济的角度出发，采用生物降解法或物理化学与生物联合处理的方法更为合理有效。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的研究进展

综述了介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的国内外研究现状以及最新研究成果.概括出DBD等离子体处理难降解有机废水的影响因素和一般性结论;从微观和宏观两个方面总结和分析了DBD等离子体处理难降解有机废水的作用机理;探讨了DBD等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的技术瓶颈以及发展方向.     

悬浮填料在废水生物处理中的应用进展

综述了悬浮填料及反应性悬浮填料在废水生物处理中的应用。在曝气池中添加悬浮填料对传统活性污泥法进行改进，改造工程简单，并可使原有污水处理场的处理能力及脱氮能力大大提高；悬浮填料与活性污泥法的多种变型相结合，在市场上形成了多种新型反应器和新的商品处理工艺。反应性悬浮填料的使用也已取得一系列成功经验，但仍然要注意反应性悬浮填料本身在废水中的降解问题。     

染料废水的脱色方法

综述了染料废水的污染特征和混凝,电解、氧化、吸附、生物降解等各种脱色方法,分析了相应的脱色机理,并介绍了染料废水的组合处理方法。     

微电解—Fenton试剂氧化—A/O工艺处理制药废水

采用微电解—Fenton试剂氧化—A/O组合工艺处理高浓度制药废水。实验结果表明:经微电解—Fenton试剂氧化工艺预处理后,COD去除率可达50%~60%,BOD5/COD提高到0.3以上;预处理后的废水与清洗废水和生活污水混合,采用生化法进一步处理,出水COD小于100 mg/L,BOD5小于20 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)小于50 mg/L,SS小于70 mg/L,满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的三级排放标准。     

臭氧氧化—生物活性炭滤池深度处理制革废水二级出水

采用臭氧氧化—生物活性炭滤池组合工艺深度处理制革厂的生化出水.在臭氧加入量为25 mg/L,氧化时间为25min、生物活性炭滤池HRT为lh的条件下,处理后废水平均COD为51mg/L,平均TOC为15.1mg/L,平均UV254(波长254 nm处单位比色皿光程下的吸光度)为0.12,平均氨氮质量浓度为0.51 mg/L,出水水质达到GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级B排放标准.     

产碱杆菌DN25去除金矿废水中的氰

采用产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes sp.）DN25去除金矿选矿废水和矿渣浸出液中的氰。考察了菌株DN25的除氰效果,研究了DN25生长和降解活性的影响因素。实验结果表明：利用DN25处理选矿废水,当反应时间为23 h时,总氰质量浓度分别从162.6,32.4,21.0,22.3 mg/L降至0,0.07,0,1.24 mg/L;利用DN25处理矿渣浸出液,当反应时间为25 h时,总氰质量浓度分别从 4.4,8.8 mg/L降至0.37,0.38 mg/L;处理后两种废水的总氰质量浓度均满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求;DN25可在初始总氰质量浓度为10~30 mg/L且仅含碳源的条件下生长但存在24 h停滞期,而在初始总氰质量浓度为5~20 mg/L且含碳、氮源的条件下没有生长停滞期。     

A research note on the recalcitrance of carbon dioxide gas scrubbing compounds to biodegradation processes

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of biotreatment of liquid Sulfinol waste stored at a gas treatment facility. Sulfinol is used to scrub impurities from gas generated from both traditional gas extraction and that from hydraulic fracturing processes. Chemical characterization and microbiological assessment showed that cultures of Sulfinol‐degrading microorganisms could be enriched from Sulfinol‐contaminated soil containing saturated concentrations of Sulfinol: a mixture of di‐isopropanolamine (DiPA), sulfolane, and oxazolidone. Based on this initial finding from the enrichment culture study, batch reactors were incubated with inoculants from enrichment cultures containing known numbers of presumptive Sulfinol‐degrading microorganisms. The microbial analyses of liquors from batch reactors showed microbial inhibition and/or loss of viability due to Sulfinol toxicity, even at the lowest Sufinol waste concentration used (5 percent of the original waste). The changes in concentrations of the chemicals in the batch reactor trials were a result of chemical rather than biodegradation processes. Further research is recommended to develop repeatable strategies for biodegrading the constituents of Sulfinol under field conditions.     

Immobilized microbe bioreactors for waste water treatment

The application of adapted microbial populations immobilized on a porous diatomaceous earth carrier to pre-treat and reduce toxic concentration of volatile organics, pesticides, petroleum aliphatics and aromatics has been demonstrated for several industrial sites. In the pre-treatment of industrial effluents and contaminated ground-waters, these bioreactors have been used to optimize and reduce the cost of conventional treatment systems, i.e. steam stripping, carbon adsorption and traditional biotreatment. Additionally, these systems have been employed as seeding devices for larger biotreatment systems. The cost effective utilization of an immobilized microbe reactor system for water supply regeneration in a microgravity environment is presented. The feasibility of using immobilized biomass reactors as an effluent treatment technology for the biotransformation and biodegradation of phenols, chlorinated halocarbons, residual oils and lubricants was evaluated. Primary biotransformation tests of two benchmark toxicants, phenol and ethylene dichloride at concentrations expected in life support effluents were conducted. Biocatalyst supports were evaluated for colonization potential, surface and structural integrity, and performance in continuous flow bioreactors. The implementation of such approaches in space will be outlined and specific areas for interfacing with other non-biological treatment approaches will be considered for advanced life support, tertiary waste water biotreatment.     

Sequential (anaerobic/aerobic) biological treatment of Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry effluent

In the pulp and paper industry, lignin and other color compounds are removed by chemical agents in bleaching process. Use of chlorine-based agents results in production of degradation products which include various chloro-organic derivatives. Since these new compounds are highly chlorinated, they cause a problem in the treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewaters. Chemical precipitation, lagooning, activated sludge, and anaerobic treatment are the processes used for treating pulp and paper effluents. Furthermore, a combination of these processes is also applicable. In this study, the effluent of Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry was examined for its toxic effects on anaerobic microorganisms by anaerobic toxicity assay. Additionally, this wastewater was applied to a sequential biotreatment process consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket as the anaerobic stage and a once-through completely mixed stirred tank as the aerobic stage. Results indicated that: (1) Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry wastewater exerted no inhibitory effects on the anaerobic cultures under the studied conditions, and (2) application of a sequential biological (anaerobic/aerobic) system to treat the Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry wastewater resulted in approximately 91% COD and 58% AOX removals at a HRT of 5 and 6.54 h for anaerobic and aerobic, respectively.     

生物吸附在染料废水处理中的应用

生物吸附是微生物细胞和其它物质发生的一系列非发酵关联的吸附过程,其主要作用包括物理和化学吸附、静电作用、离子交换、络合、螯合、微量沉淀等。与生物降解相比,生物吸附不会产生有毒的代谢产物,为染料废水的处理和回收提供了一条经济可行的途径。综述了微生物对染料吸附的作用机制及影响因素如pH、温度、染料初始浓度等,介绍了生物吸附的发展现状及前景。     

某化工园区废水处理工程设计实例

采用“分质调节—混凝沉淀—厌氧水解—缺氧生物处理—好氧生物处理”工艺处理某化工园区以氟化工和精细化工废水为主的工业废水。工程运行结果表明：废水经处理后，COD=35 mg/L，TN=5.2 mg/L，ρ（NH₃-N）=3.1 mg/L，TP=0.15 mg/L；COD，TN，NH₃-N，TP的去除率分别为91.1％，67.1％，70.5％，89.3％；出水达到DB 32/T1072—2007《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》中的排放标准。工程设计规模1.0×10⁴ m³/d，工程总投资约5 000 万元，直接运行费用1.50 元/m³。每年减少COD，TN，NH₃-N，TP的排放量分别约为1 324.6，38.69，11.05，4.56 t。该工程的实施明显改善了区域水环境，为太湖流域污染的治理提供了技术支撑。